. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SALINITY EFFECTS ON HERRING REPRODUCTION 29 100 80 O 60 40 20 A 210 300 350 SODIUM (mM) 400 Figure 4. Effects on fertilization of increasing |Na*] in half-strength filtered seawater containing 5 mM K* and 10 niM K*; n = 3. Vertical lines = std. dev. Fertilization is significantly lower (*) in the 10 mM K* treatment than in the 5 mM K* treatment at the same salinity (P < , Student's r test).. SALINITY (ppt) Figure 5. Sperm motility as a function of salinity. Sperm motility was induced in vitro with sperm motility initi
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. SALINITY EFFECTS ON HERRING REPRODUCTION 29 100 80 O 60 40 20 A 210 300 350 SODIUM (mM) 400 Figure 4. Effects on fertilization of increasing |Na*] in half-strength filtered seawater containing 5 mM K* and 10 niM K*; n = 3. Vertical lines = std. dev. Fertilization is significantly lower (*) in the 10 mM K* treatment than in the 5 mM K* treatment at the same salinity (P < , Student's r test).. SALINITY (ppt) Figure 5. Sperm motility as a function of salinity. Sperm motility was induced in vitro with sperm motility initiafion factor at the salinities listed above: /; = 3. Motility was scored as 4 > 75% motile. 3 = 50%- 75<7r motile. 2 = 25^-50% motile, and 1 < 25% motile. evaluate the effects of salinity on heiring speim. motility was assayed //; vitro, using C. pallasi sperm and SMIF that was isolated from C. pallasi eggs. When sperm were exposed to SMIF at differing salinities, motility was a function of external salinity (Fig. 5) and miiiored the range observed for fertilization at different salinities (compare Figs. 2 and 5). Motility was greatest at 16 and 24 ppt and lowest at extreine salinities of 4 and 32 ppt, although at neither extreme was motility completely in- hibited. First described by McMynn and Hoar (1953), the events and stages of embryonic development in C. pallasi closely follow those recently described in detail for the zebrafish by Kimmel et al. (1995), and so their terminol- ogy has been adopted in the current study. Five stages were scored during experiments on salinity tolerance of embryonic development. (1) First cleavage occurred at about 3 h post-insemination in 'A FSW at 12°C. (2) The onset of gastrulation occurred at about 16-17 hand corre- sponded with the embryo reaching 50% epiboly: gastrula- tion was completed by 20-21 h. (3) The 5-somite stage of segmentation was seen at 42-48 h and was marked by the appearance of optic vesicles. (4) Retinal pigment
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