. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 696 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE depths of 1 km and below the temperature remains practically constant throughout the year. As is shown by the dynamic analysis of water masses (K. Bogoyavlensky and V. Burkov, 1948) in the zone of the convergence of cold and warm waters the currents lose their rectilinear course; the main streams begin to meander and several cyclonic and anticyclonic swirls are formed (Fig. 334). Even during the warmest season of the year the temperature of the water in the B
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 696 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE depths of 1 km and below the temperature remains practically constant throughout the year. As is shown by the dynamic analysis of water masses (K. Bogoyavlensky and V. Burkov, 1948) in the zone of the convergence of cold and warm waters the currents lose their rectilinear course; the main streams begin to meander and several cyclonic and anticyclonic swirls are formed (Fig. 334). Even during the warmest season of the year the temperature of the water in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas does not rise to any extent. The upper layer is warmed only to temperatures of between 6° and 10°. In deeper layers. Fig. 334. Chart of movements of surface waters within zone of contact of Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, May 1955. Vityaz voyage shown by a double line (Beklemishev and Burkov). there is a considerable difference between the Okhotsk and the Bering Seas (P. Ushakov, 1953). The Sea of Okhotsk has a thick intermediate layer with a temperature below freezing point throughout. In the Bering Sea the intermediate cold layer is not so strongly developed; its temperature is above freezing point and it is concentrated mainly in Anadyr and Olyutorsky Bays. Deeper down the temperature of the water is somewhat higher, up to 3° in the Bering Sea and up to ? in the Sea of Okhotsk. As a result of the fall of temperature in the surface layers floating ice is formed, thickest in the Sea of Okhotsk (Fig. 335) and thinnest in the north and northeastern parts of the Sea of Japan. An intensive formation of ice begins in the northern parts of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas as early as December; it reaches its greatest development in March, when floating ice covers all the Okhotsk Sea and the greater part of the Bering Sea. In the Sea of Japan the ice may sometimes reach the Korean shores. Ice remains even in June in the most northerly and westerly parts of the Sea
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