. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . ation. In selected cases, the relations,especially the motions of the spiral wire, can be studied by the aid of the screen. Tubes of mediumhardness should be chosen. The different phases of diges-tion can be studied by fluoroscopicas well as by skiagraphic observationafter subnitrate of bismuth is swal-lowed. The lower animals can alsobe utilized for that purpose. Frogs,mice, cats, or guinea-pigs may begiven a mixture of flour, milk, andbismuth. Skiagraphic exposures,repeated every twenty minutes, canthen be studied with leisure. Spina Bifida.—The diagnosi
. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . ation. In selected cases, the relations,especially the motions of the spiral wire, can be studied by the aid of the screen. Tubes of mediumhardness should be chosen. The different phases of diges-tion can be studied by fluoroscopicas well as by skiagraphic observationafter subnitrate of bismuth is swal-lowed. The lower animals can alsobe utilized for that purpose. Frogs,mice, cats, or guinea-pigs may begiven a mixture of flour, milk, andbismuth. Skiagraphic exposures,repeated every twenty minutes, canthen be studied with leisure. Spina Bifida.—The diagnosis ofthe various types of spina bifida isfacilitated by the rays. In speak-ing of this malformation in generalone is apt to think only of its cys-tic form and of its location in thelumbo-sacral region. But besides this most common type thereare several others which require to be distinguished before wecan choose the proper therapy. Thus it cannot be a matter of indif-ference whether there is a so-called simple meningocele—in other. Fig. 85.—Spina Bifida (See Fig. 86). ABDOMEN 133 words, a hernia-like protrusion of the pia, containing cerebralfluid; or a myelomeningocele, a frequent variety, which is charac-terized by the spinal cordexpanding itself, like theoptic nerve in formingthe retina, around theprotrusion, and, togetherwith the pia, constitut-ing the sac; or whetherthere is a myelocysto-cele—that is, a tumourcaused by cystic dilata-tion of the central canalof the spine. It is also importantto discriminate whetherthe tumour is situatedin the cervical, dorsal,lumbar, or sacral situated in the cervi-cal or dorsal region, thecord cannot protrudeinto the hernial sac, asit does in the lumbar orsacral portion, which cor-responds to the end ofthe cord. It is also de-sirable to know whetherthere is a hiatus in thespinal column, and how extensive it may be; and, furthermore, whether or not the fluidcontained by the tumour can be dislodged into the spinal canal. In
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