The making of the American nation; a history for elementary schools . the next forty-five days it was simplya matter of waiting and ofkeeping the Confederatesclosely shut within the the same day (July 4,1863) that General Lee turnedbackward into Virginia afterthe terrific fight at Gettys-burg, General Pembertonsurrendered the famine-stricken city of Vicksburgto Grant. It was the great-est military capitulation ofmodern warfare up to thattime. Port Hudson. —WhileVicksburg was suffering thepangs of starvation, GeneralBanks was besieging Port Hudson, some miles down the river. After the
The making of the American nation; a history for elementary schools . the next forty-five days it was simplya matter of waiting and ofkeeping the Confederatesclosely shut within the the same day (July 4,1863) that General Lee turnedbackward into Virginia afterthe terrific fight at Gettys-burg, General Pembertonsurrendered the famine-stricken city of Vicksburgto Grant. It was the great-est military capitulation ofmodern warfare up to thattime. Port Hudson. —WhileVicksburg was suffering thepangs of starvation, GeneralBanks was besieging Port Hudson, some miles down the river. After the fall of Vicksburgthe Confederate garrison at Port Hudson, which had withstood channel through the Big Sunflower Bayou, which offered a possible Confederates blocked this passage also. In the main these plans were pre-pared by politicians and amateur generals at Washington. The plan finallyfollowed was disapproved at Washington, but Grant had taken the precaution todestroy the telegraph lines, and did not receive his orders until Vicksburg General U. S. Grant. 328 THE MAKING OF THE AMEBIC AN NATION two attacks and a siege of six weeks, saw that further resistancewas hopeless. The place was surrendered on July 9th. Results of the Campaign. — The capture of Vicksburg and PortHudson had effects that were very far-reaching. The winning ofthese two places gave to the Federal authorities the control ofthe Mississippi from source to mouth. It cut the ConfederateStates in twain. It shut off a large part of the cotton crop thathad furnished much of the revenue to the Confederate govern-ment. The moral effect on the Northern people was very long list of reverses had created a feeling of depression, andfor the first time the condition of affairs began to look Southern people did not lose confidence, however. THE CAMPAIGN IN TENNESSEE AND GEORGIAJULY, 1863, TO JULY, 1864 The Situation in 1863. — After the battle of Murfreesboro ^(Decembe
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