A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations . t upon itsown axis, or upon a very short radius, Robert Smith has established the following distinc-tion: When the fracture is extracapsular and impacted,that is, when it remains impacted, the shortening is onlymoderate, varying from one-quarter of an inch to oneinch and a half; in fourteen cases measured by him theaverage was a fraction over three-quarters of an inch ;but when it does not remain impacted it ranges fromone inch to two inches and a half; indeed, Mr. Smithmentions one example in which the shortening reached four inches, and fo
A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations . t upon itsown axis, or upon a very short radius, Robert Smith has established the following distinc-tion: When the fracture is extracapsular and impacted,that is, when it remains impacted, the shortening is onlymoderate, varying from one-quarter of an inch to oneinch and a half; in fourteen cases measured by him theaverage was a fraction over three-quarters of an inch ;but when it does not remain impacted it ranges fromone inch to two inches and a half; indeed, Mr. Smithmentions one example in which the shortening reached four inches, and forty-two cases gave an average shortening of something more than one inch and aquarter. Mr. Smiths experience as to the amount of shortening in these casesagrees very nearly with my own. In enumerating the signs of a recent extracapsular fracture, it will beseen that I have, with only slight variations, repeated the signs of a frac-ture within the capsule. It will become necessary, therefore, to indicate,as far as possible, a differential Fracture of the neck 01the femur. (Fergusson.) Signs of a fracture within the capsule. Produced often by slight violence. A fall upon the foot or knee, or a trip uponthe carpet, etc. Possibly a fall upon the tro-chanter; especially when an old person isthe subject of the injury. Generally over fifty years of age. More frequent in females. Pain, tenderness, and swelling less anddeeper. Ecehymosis not often seen. (The two following measurements to bemade from the lower margin of the anteriorsuperior spinous process of the ilium to thelower extremity of the malleolus externus orinternus.) Shortening at first less than in extracap-sular fractures, often not any. Signs of a fracture without the capsule. Produced usually by greater violence. A fall upon the trochanter major in nearlyall cases. Often under fifty years of age. Relative frequency in males or females notestablished. Pain, swelling, and tenderness greater andmore superficial.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjec, booksubjectfractures
