. Mediæval and modern history . in, many of the pupils attendingthe nonprofessional courses were mere boys of twelve or there-abouts,— the high-school pupils of to-day; while, on the otherhand, the student body embraced many mature men, amongwhom were to be counted canons, deans, archdeacons, and otherdignitaries. Student life in the earlier university period, before the dormi-tory and college system was introduced, was unregulated andshamefully disorderly. The age was rough and lawless, and thestudent class were no better than their age; indeed, in some re-spects they seem to have been worse.
. Mediæval and modern history . in, many of the pupils attendingthe nonprofessional courses were mere boys of twelve or there-abouts,— the high-school pupils of to-day; while, on the otherhand, the student body embraced many mature men, amongwhom were to be counted canons, deans, archdeacons, and otherdignitaries. Student life in the earlier university period, before the dormi-tory and college system was introduced, was unregulated andshamefully disorderly. The age was rough and lawless, and thestudent class were no better than their age; indeed, in some re-spects they seem to have been worse. For the student body § 179] STUDENTS AND STUDENT LIFE 169 included many rich young profligates, who found the universitiesthe most agreeable places for idling away their time, as well asmany wild and reckless characters who were constantly engagingin tavern brawls, terrorizing the townsmen at night, even way-laying travelers on the public roads and, as an old chronicleravers, committing many other enormities hateful to Fig. 34. University Audience in the Fifteenth Century(From Geigers Renaissance unci Humanisnius) Between the students composing the different Nations thereexisted much race prejudice and animosity, which sometimesbroke out in unseemly riots in the lecture room. The most seriousfeuds, however, arose between the students and the and gown disagreements and fights were common andnot unfrequently resulted in the migration to another city of thewhole, or practically the whole, body of students and masters, 179. Branches of Study and Methods of Instruction. Theadvanced studies given greatest prominence in the universities 170 UNIVERSITIES AND SCHOOLMEN [§179 were the three professional branches of theology, medicine, andlaw. The natural sciences can hardly be said to have existed,although in alchemy lay hidden the germ of chemistry and inastrology that of astronomy. The Ptolemaic theory, which madethe earth the stationary center of the revolvin
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