. Revised and enlarged ed. of the science of railways . £jecfor Sand Pipe of Locomotive, Supplementedbv Steam Blast. draws a small amount of t»Jfeamyg/re sand from the box and forces it in a powerful blast directly upon the point of contact between the wheel and rail. Locomotives in America are provided with a steam whistle, a bell, and a gong, for giving and receiving sig-nals. The whistle consists of an in-verted cup or bell, made of brass or other metal, placed over a cir-cular opening. Itis fastened to astem which isscrewed into thetop of the dome ofthe boiler. Insideof this stem is avalve
. Revised and enlarged ed. of the science of railways . £jecfor Sand Pipe of Locomotive, Supplementedbv Steam Blast. draws a small amount of t»Jfeamyg/re sand from the box and forces it in a powerful blast directly upon the point of contact between the wheel and rail. Locomotives in America are provided with a steam whistle, a bell, and a gong, for giving and receiving sig-nals. The whistle consists of an in-verted cup or bell, made of brass or other metal, placed over a cir-cular opening. Itis fastened to astem which isscrewed into thetop of the dome ofthe boiler. Insideof this stem is avalve which openscommunicationwith the valve is open-ed or closed by alever in the the valve isopen the escapingsteam produces thealarm or Section. Side View. Steam Whistle. 112 RAILWAY EQUIPMENT. The locomotive bell swings from an iron frameprojecting from the top of the boiler. It isconnected with the cab by a rope with whichit is rung when used for signaling. It is some-times operated by compressed air or steam. Theweight of the bell varies from fifty to one hun-dred pounds. On passenger trains, signals aregiven the engineer from every part of the trainby means of a gong w hich is fastened to the upperpart of the locomotive cab on the inside. Thetrain bell cord is attached to the hammer of thisgong. Automatic whistles operated by com-pressed air are, in some instances, substitutedfor the gong. A large lamp or headlight attached to thesmoke box at the front end of the locomotiveis used to illuminate the track at night and givenotice of the approach of the engine. A concavereflector is placed at the back of the lamp. Thisreflector is of such shape that the rays reflectedfrom it (when the light is placed in its focus) wi
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