Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . Fig. 126.—Van der Grintens Circular Projection. we cut the cylinder along a meridian, we obtain two systemsof straight lines intersecting at right angles, representing theparallels and meridians. Maps on such projections are ingeneral called flat maps. If the distances of the various parallelsfrom each other and also of the meridians are all equal, we obtaina network of square meshes, as shown in equidistant flat maps. CYLINDER PROJECTIONS. 413 (Fi{ dwindl
Topographic surveying; including geographic, exploratory, and military mapping, with hints on camping, emergency surgery, and photography . Fig. 126.—Van der Grintens Circular Projection. we cut the cylinder along a meridian, we obtain two systemsof straight lines intersecting at right angles, representing theparallels and meridians. Maps on such projections are ingeneral called flat maps. If the distances of the various parallelsfrom each other and also of the meridians are all equal, we obtaina network of square meshes, as shown in equidistant flat maps. CYLINDER PROJECTIONS. 413 (Fi{ dwindling to zero, preserve the same length in all latitudes,while the meridians retain the natural length. This incon-venience is avoided in Mercators projection by increasing thedistances between the parallels toward the two poles at the sameratio that the parallels increase compared to the equator. () Mercators projection is well adapted to maps represent-. FiG. 127.—Babinets Homolographic Projection of the Whole Sphere. ing the distribution of general, especially physical, conditionsover the whole surface of the earth, and for sea-charts, as anydirection may be represented upon it by a straight line. A modification of the cylinder projection is found in theSanson-Flamsteed projection. According to this the parallels aredrawn as parallel equidistant straight lines, and on these, to theright and left of the middle meridian, the degrees of longitudearc marked in their true size, and the corresponding points ofintersection are connected by curves representing the the equator be drawn as a straight line and the central meridianalso as a straight line of half the length of the equator, we obtainan elliptic picture of the whole surface of the globe accordingto Mollweides or Babinets homolographic projection. (Fig. 127.) 414 MAP CONSTRUCTION. Van der Grintcn has recently devised a homolographic projec-tion, not unlike Babinets, f
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