. Biology and human life. Biology. 344 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN LIFE At present the term vaccination is used to designate any process by which active immunity is induced artificially. There are three types: 1. The use of living bacteria, as in smallpox vaccination. 2. The use of dead bacteria, as in antityphoid vaccination. Kansas 200 Washington 172 Oregon 144 Indiana 141 Mississippi 136 Minnesota US Wisconsin 101 Los Angeles Ohio 96 MichiK^n 82 Virginia 6S Alabama 5-3 Louisiana 54 Calif. 44 Vt. 28 South Carolina 22 District of Columbia 14 Maryland 10 fl Connecticut 9 New Jersey New York 192
. Biology and human life. Biology. 344 BIOLOGY AND HUMAN LIFE At present the term vaccination is used to designate any process by which active immunity is induced artificially. There are three types: 1. The use of living bacteria, as in smallpox vaccination. 2. The use of dead bacteria, as in antityphoid vaccination. Kansas 200 Washington 172 Oregon 144 Indiana 141 Mississippi 136 Minnesota US Wisconsin 101 Los Angeles Ohio 96 MichiK^n 82 Virginia 6S Alabama 5-3 Louisiana 54 Calif. 44 Vt. 28 South Carolina 22 District of Columbia 14 Maryland 10 fl Connecticut 9 New Jersey New York 1922 1923 1924 Fig. 162. Vaccination and smallpox The bars show the relative amount of smallpox (number of cases per 100,000 of population) in nineteen states and the District of Columbia in 1915-1920. At the bottom are the six areas in which compulsory vaccination prevails. At the top are seven states in which there is no compulsory vaccination, but rather opposition to vaccination in many regions. In the middle group are states in which conditions seem to be getting worse; general vaccination is not enforced, or is opposed, in these states. On the right is a graph to show increase in the number of smallpox cases in four American cities during recent years 3. The use of toxin, as in diphtheria vaccination by means of a mix- ture of toxin and antitoxin in certain proportions. The antitoxin is a protective agent, while the toxin stimulates the protoplasm of the child to produce its own antitoxin. 262. Biological tests of disease. It is often of advantage to know whether a person is already suffering from a given disease. Very often an early diagnosis may make the difference between. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Gruenberg, Benjamin C. (Benjamin Charles), 1875-1965. Boston, New York [etc. ] Ginn
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