A system of surgery . a higher level than theheart. In cases where the chronic inflammation affects the upperextremities, it is not so essential to place the patient in bed, providedsufficient rest is obtained by suitable forms of retentive patient may in that case be allowed to go about, and thus obtainthe benefit of fresh air and exercise, which may be of great value ingetting rid of the cause of the disease. The second great principle in the treatment of chronic inflamma-tion is the employment of counter-irritants, of which we have aconsiderable variety. The action of these co
A system of surgery . a higher level than theheart. In cases where the chronic inflammation affects the upperextremities, it is not so essential to place the patient in bed, providedsufficient rest is obtained by suitable forms of retentive patient may in that case be allowed to go about, and thus obtainthe benefit of fresh air and exercise, which may be of great value ingetting rid of the cause of the disease. The second great principle in the treatment of chronic inflamma-tion is the employment of counter-irritants, of which we have aconsiderable variety. The action of these counter-irritants is by nomeans clear. The most generally received theory is that, on the onehand, by causing congestion and inflammation of the skin, they leadreflexly to diminution in the vascularity of the inflamed part: andon the other hand, by the irritation of the terminal ends of thenerves in the skin, they in some way or other alter the nervousbalance, and lead to some salutary change in the innervation of thrj. Fis\ 14.—Cirrhosis of the Liver, showing- Diminution in Size ;and Depressions resulting from the Contraction of theFibrous Tissue formed in the course of Chronic Inflam-mation. 7-4 INFLAMMATION. diseased part. Experiments have undoubtedly shown that where theskin is severely irritated, the vascularity of certain parts beneath,which are in some sort of special nervous relation to the irritatedpart of the skin, is diminished. Thus it has been found that, wherethe skin over one side of the chest has been severely blistered,on making a transverse section of the thoracic cavity the lung onthat side is distinctty anaemic as compared with the lung on theopposite side. Whatever the explanation of the action of the counter-irritantmay be, it nevertheless remains as a clinical fact that this kind oftreatment is of great value in many cases of chronic counter-irritants usually employed produce various degi-ees ofaction on the skin. The mildest counter-irri
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