. Cranberries; : the national cranberry magazine. Cranberries. Fig. 8. Bog Construction. hooks and allowed to dry. They are then broken up easily with a grad- ing hoe and all pieces of roots found in them are burned. Care must be taken at this time to re- move from the soil the roots of ferns and of all plants likely to give trouble later as woody weeds, such as horse brier, poison ivy, leather leaf, hardhack, sheep laurel, and chokeberry. All work on the land up to sanding should be completed late in the summer or in the fall. Dams The reservoir and bog dams us- ually have a wide core of sand
. Cranberries; : the national cranberry magazine. Cranberries. Fig. 8. Bog Construction. hooks and allowed to dry. They are then broken up easily with a grad- ing hoe and all pieces of roots found in them are burned. Care must be taken at this time to re- move from the soil the roots of ferns and of all plants likely to give trouble later as woody weeds, such as horse brier, poison ivy, leather leaf, hardhack, sheep laurel, and chokeberry. All work on the land up to sanding should be completed late in the summer or in the fall. Dams The reservoir and bog dams us- ually have a wide core of sand walled on both sides with turf. Sometimes the turf is necessary on only one side. The turf walls are (Continued on Page 8) be 100 feet or more apart, and are made about 2 feet wide at the top, 1 foot wide at the bottom, and 18 inches deep. One of them should be wider than the others and run lengthwise of the bog, in the path of the direct flow from the water- supply to the outlet, to hasten flooding and draining. No more ditches should be made than are necessary because they interfere with bog operations. Tile drains are useful if the bog is hard to drain. Grading The soil thrown out in ditching may be used in grading. The grad- ing is done by the water line in the ditches. All bogs should be made level, so they may be flooded quickly and with little water, and no swamp that cannot be so graded with moderate expense should be used unless the water supply is very ample. If the swamp is large and much out of level, it is often best to divide it with dams into separate areas, each nearly level, at different elevations according to the lay of the land. This greatly re- duces the water required for flood- ing. It should be remembered in building a bog that the deeper any cranberry flood is, the more it harms the vines. Preparation of Land After the land has been cleared of trees and brush and ditched and drained, it is "turfed" or "scalped". The turf is cut in s
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