A text-book of the diseases of the ear and adjacent organs . MAL STATE OF THE MEMBRANA TYMPANI. 79 The more transparent the membrane, the less it seems curved; themore opaque the membrane, the more the funnel-shaped concavityof the external surface seems to project. If we take a general survey of the foregoing, the following normalappearance of the membrana tympani may be seen. At the anteriorsuperior pole of the membrane (Figs. 69 and 70) there is seen awhitish projecting spot, the slwrt process of the malleus, from whichthere extends backwards, downwards, and towards the centre of themembran
A text-book of the diseases of the ear and adjacent organs . MAL STATE OF THE MEMBRANA TYMPANI. 79 The more transparent the membrane, the less it seems curved; themore opaque the membrane, the more the funnel-shaped concavityof the external surface seems to project. If we take a general survey of the foregoing, the following normalappearance of the membrana tympani may be seen. At the anteriorsuperior pole of the membrane (Figs. 69 and 70) there is seen awhitish projecting spot, the slwrt process of the malleus, from whichthere extends backwards, downwards, and towards the centre of themembrane a whitish or yellowish process, expanding like a spatulaat its inferior extremity, the handle of the malleus. In front of andbelow the extremity of the handle there is a triangular spot of light,the cone of light, with its apex at the umbo and its base directedforwards and downwards towards the periphery. The portion of themembrana tympani between the handle of the malleus, the cone oflight, and the anterior wall of the meatus, generally of a darker gray. Fig. 71.—Siegles Pneumatic Ear-Speculum.(Speculum \ size, balloon £ size.) than the rest of the membrane, is seldom seen in adults, but is visiblein children in two-thirds of the cases (Bezold) as far as the periphery;the portion behind the handle, which is separated from the posteriorsuperior wall of the meatus by a lightish-coloured line, more or lesspronounced, appears much larger and lighter in its colour, the latterbeing modified as above described (v. p. 76). Pneumatic Speculum. — To the above-mentioned methods ofexamining the membrana tympani must be added that with thepneumatic speculum, a method most important for the diagnosisof affections of the middle ear, and by the invention of whichSiegle {Deutsche Klinik, 1864) has won everlasting fame. Thisinstrument (Fig. 71) differs from the ordinary speculum in havingits outer end closed by an obliquely-inserted plate of glass—whichmust be inserted as far as possib
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjecteardiseases, bookyear
