. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Figure 1. Birefringence of frog sartorious muscle 360 nm thin section measured with the new pot-scope, (a) In the images shown here, the image brightness and contrast detail remain the same irrespective t specimen orientation: specimen rotated by angles indicated in tup right corner, (b) Enlargement shows clearly the fine structures in sarcomeres in the myo- ftbrits, consisting of I bands. Z lines, and A hands. The brightness depicted in the image is directly proportional to the retardance of the specimen, with nm retard
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. Figure 1. Birefringence of frog sartorious muscle 360 nm thin section measured with the new pot-scope, (a) In the images shown here, the image brightness and contrast detail remain the same irrespective t specimen orientation: specimen rotated by angles indicated in tup right corner, (b) Enlargement shows clearly the fine structures in sarcomeres in the myo- ftbrits, consisting of I bands. Z lines, and A hands. The brightness depicted in the image is directly proportional to the retardance of the specimen, with nm retardance in brightest pixels. The same uptu \ used as de- scribed in legend to Fig. Figure 2. Birefringence of microtubules (MT) polymerized off an ax- oneme (A). Both Figures 1 and 2 are computer-generated images whose pixel brightness is proportional to specimen retardance. The original data were collected with a Nikon Microphot-SA microscope equipped with 100-watt Hg arc lamp illumination. tm> liquid-crystal variable retarders (universal compensator) electronically controlled with variable voltages (10-40 volts): Nikon NA condenser: Nikon PlanApo 60X DIC NA objective: AfTI CCD C72 video camera: Scion LG-3 image grabber: Macintosh Quadra 800: and processed using the custom-modified NIH Image program. less, the smallest measured retardance of the detectable micro- tubules is ± nm [n = 50]. This appears to be the re- tardance of single microtubules. Thus, the new pol-scope permits excellent imaging of cellular fine structures and precise measurement of their birefringence, with the added advantage of orientation-independent specimen placement. Its ability to visualize isotropic Z lines of the muscle sarcomeres confirms that the pol-scope is optically at least as good as or better than an excellent-quality conventional polar- izing microscope equipped with polarization rectifiers. We gratefully acknowledge the technical support of Dr. Guang Mei, and support
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
