A reference handbook of the medical sciences, embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . d from their cartilages by a considerableinterval. The extremity of the fourth rib was joinedto the fifth costo-cartilaginous articulation. In Townsends case tlie ribs of the left side, exceptthe first two, were represented by short rudimentaryprocesses. 803 Chest, Deformities ot REFERENCE HANDBOOK OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES Lallemands^ case was in a man who had a depressionas big as a fist on the left side of the chest, due to adeficiency of the third, fourth, and fi
A reference handbook of the medical sciences, embracing the entire range of scientific and practical medicine and allied science . d from their cartilages by a considerableinterval. The extremity of the fourth rib was joinedto the fifth costo-cartilaginous articulation. In Townsends case tlie ribs of the left side, exceptthe first two, were represented by short rudimentaryprocesses. 803 Chest, Deformities ot REFERENCE HANDBOOK OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES Lallemands^ case was in a man who had a depressionas big as a fist on the left side of the chest, due to adeficiency of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs. Harolds case was that of a backward boy of seven-teen years, whose costal cartilages in the left side belowthe fifth rib were missing; at this level the left half ofthe sternum and xiphoid were deficient, and the peri-cardium was protected only by soft parts. Homer Gage* reported a case of congenital absenceof the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs,left side, in a girl of seventeen years. There wassevere lateral curvature, convexity to the right, withmarked deformity of the chest, and a protrusion in the. Fig. 1354.—Osborns Case of Defect of Ribs. (From Haynes). unprotected area, supposed to be due to a hernia ofthe stomach. The heart was displaced to the right,though the viscera were not transposed. In Haynes case the cartilage of the seventh rib,left side, ended three-fourths of an inch from thesternum, and the seventh, eighth, and ninth cartilageswere not joined, but ended free. Sometimes the costal defect is accompanied by totalor partial absence of the greater and smaller pectoralmuscles of the same side, as in the case reported byLevy,™ in which the third and fourth ribs of the rightside ended below the axilla, leaving a marked depres-sion. There was a well-marked lateral curvaturewith convexity toward the right. Schlesinger-i has shown that congenital absence ofthe pectoral muscles is frequently associated withdefects of ribs or other thoracic an
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