. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. d posi-tively ; or, if undercharged, theories, and all others based upon theassumption that E. is a form of matter, havebeen found to be inadequate for the elucidationof electrical phenomena. At the present day, how-ever, two kinds of electric forces arc recognized,and distinguislied as nefjniive and positive^ but theyare both assumed to be analogous in very generally assumed to be simply due todifferent analogous motions of matter. For a however, the reader must
. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. d posi-tively ; or, if undercharged, theories, and all others based upon theassumption that E. is a form of matter, havebeen found to be inadequate for the elucidationof electrical phenomena. At the present day, how-ever, two kinds of electric forces arc recognized,and distinguislied as nefjniive and positive^ but theyare both assumed to be analogous in very generally assumed to be simply due todifferent analogous motions of matter. For a however, the reader must refer to someof the es|Hcial works on the suliject. Electric Light. Sir l> ( IOi-ecthic). Electric Telegraph. Si. Electro-Etching. See KrciiiNfi. Electro-Gilding. See ELKCTRO-METALLimoT. Electrolysis, the chemical decomposition of asubstance l>y means of electricity. Electro-Magnet, a bar of soft iron which,under the influence of a voltaic current, becomesmagnet; but this magnetism is only tenii)orarv,for the coercive force of perfectly soft iron is null,. Fi(^ 157 —Electro Mkgnet and the two magnetic fluids neutralize each otheras soon as the current ceases to pass through thewire. An has the horseshoe form (), and a copper wire, covered with silk or cot-ton, is rolled several times round them on the twobranches, so as to form two bobbins, A and B. Inorder that the two ends of the horseshoe may beof the opposite polarity, the wimling on the twolimbs, A and H. must he such that if the horse-shoe were straightened out. it woidd be in thesame direction. The power of the is enor-nunisly greater than that of any permanent mag-net. A permanent magnet, weighing 1 pomid, hasbeen made to carry 27 ; but Dr. .Joule was able toconstruct a small by arranging the coilsto advantage, and proportioning the wire of the core, and the thickness and length of the wire,which would carry ;i,&00 times its own , instead of being made in
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