. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy and nuclear medicine . of the Renal and Gall-bladder Areas 685 abdominal lymphatic glands are allcrowded into a comparatively small space,in the right side of the upper abdomen, andin a given case the symptoms and theradiographic findings may lead to a dis-cussion in regard to the pathology of anyof these organs. A few notes may there-fore be made in regard to the organs morecommonly concerned in obscure cases. The anatomical points upon whichlocalization in an anteroposterior viewof this region depends are the last two ribs, is obliquely
. The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy and nuclear medicine . of the Renal and Gall-bladder Areas 685 abdominal lymphatic glands are allcrowded into a comparatively small space,in the right side of the upper abdomen, andin a given case the symptoms and theradiographic findings may lead to a dis-cussion in regard to the pathology of anyof these organs. A few notes may there-fore be made in regard to the organs morecommonly concerned in obscure cases. The anatomical points upon whichlocalization in an anteroposterior viewof this region depends are the last two ribs, is obliquely set so that the inner border ofthe upper and lower poles closely approxi-mates to the oblique line of the psoasmuscle. The pelvis lies at the outer borderof the psoas at the le\cl of the transverseprocess of the second lumbar this the ureter passes downward onto the transverse processes of the third,fourth, and fifth lumbar vertebrae. Thisposition is modified by respiration and byposition. With full expiration the upperpole ascends behind the twelfth rib, and. Fig. 8. Lateral skiagram of case of calculus in the com-mon bile duct. A round dense shadow situatedwell in front of the vertebral body. especially the twelfth rib, the bodies andtransverse processes of the lumbar verte-brae, the crest of the ilium and the obliqueouter margin of the psoas muscle. In thelateral view the ribs give no help except tomark the twelfth dorsal vertebra. Thebodies of the lumbar vertebrae and thespines of these vertebrae are the anatomicalstructures by which localization is esti-mated in the lateral position. The iliaccrest obscures some part of the field, butdoes not help in the localization. In the anteroposterior position thekidney lies in the upper part of the spacebounded by the twelfth rib, the outerborder of the psoas muscle internally, andthe crest of the ilium below. The long axis Fig. 9. Lateral view of stones free in gall-bladder. with full inspiration the kidney descendsa
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