Nervous and mental diseases . rmations of the ear—those that may beregarded as belonging to the stigmata of degeneration, and those, too,which are striking and plain to the eye—are to be summarized asfollows : The deep position of the eras anterius. Marked prominence of the anthelix. Excessive broadening of the ear. Stunted development of or absence of the helix. Trifurcation of the anthelix. Widening of the fossa scaphoidea. Absence of the eras superius. Complete absence of lobule. Asymmetry of the two ears. Excessive enlargement or diminution of the concha. Excessive conchoidal structure of
Nervous and mental diseases . rmations of the ear—those that may beregarded as belonging to the stigmata of degeneration, and those, too,which are striking and plain to the eye—are to be summarized asfollows : The deep position of the eras anterius. Marked prominence of the anthelix. Excessive broadening of the ear. Stunted development of or absence of the helix. Trifurcation of the anthelix. Widening of the fossa scaphoidea. Absence of the eras superius. Complete absence of lobule. Asymmetry of the two ears. Excessive enlargement or diminution of the concha. Excessive conchoidal structure of the ear. Reference is occasionally made in literature to the Cagot ear. TheCagot is a species of cretin in the French and Spanish Pyrenees, inwhich one of the chief physical deformities is absence of the lobule ofthe ear. Binder states that the adherent lobule exists in almost one-third ofnormal persons, and in the photographs of several hundred distinguishedpersons 15 per cent, had abnormal lobules. At the same time more. Fig. 293.—Excessive length of ears; facial asymmetry. than twice as many adherent lobules are found in degenerates as innormal individuals. Now, with regard to statistics of malformed ears in degenerate in-dividuals, Wildermuth noted this condition in 41 per cent, of 142 found 64 per cent, of degenerate ears in 354 insane is to be remarked, however, that Binder was more careful in his ex-aminations, and by long practice had acquired more expert knowledgethan Wildermuth. Frankel observed degenerate ears in 29 cases outof 32 with cranium proganseum. Knecht found 20 per cent, of degenerate ears among 1274 criminals,27 per cent, among 48 epileptics, and 32 per cent, among 84 insane. GENERAL ETIOLOGY OF INSANITY. 721 Binder noted degenerate ears in 33 persons outside of institutions,supposed to be normal individuals. Inquiring closely into their his-tories, he discovered that 7 of them had insane parents, brethren, orchildren; in 19
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