. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems Dispersal Dispersal of CO, by ship CO/CaCO. ' S Refilling ship j_ur- Captured and compressed CO;. Source: IPCC, 2005 Figure : Methods of CO2 storage in the oceans biphenyl (PCB] concentrations that led to consumer warnings about fish consumption. Even fish reared in aquaculture farms might be contaminated by fishmeal made of deep-sea fish (Storelli et at, 2004]. Canyons on continental slopes seem to carry contamin
. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems Dispersal Dispersal of CO, by ship CO/CaCO. ' S Refilling ship j_ur- Captured and compressed CO;. Source: IPCC, 2005 Figure : Methods of CO2 storage in the oceans biphenyl (PCB] concentrations that led to consumer warnings about fish consumption. Even fish reared in aquaculture farms might be contaminated by fishmeal made of deep-sea fish (Storelli et at, 2004]. Canyons on continental slopes seem to carry contaminants from coastal to deep waters where they accumulate. As well as the risks they present to humans consuming deep-sea fish or fish fed with deep-sea fishmeal, PCBs are known to behave like enzymes and hormones and to disrupt biological functions, especially reproduction in many organisms (for example, Koppe and Keys, 2001). Among the most toxic materials introduced into the sea are tnbutyltin compounds ITBT) (GaliL, 2006I. These substances were (and in some places still are) commonly used as antifouling agents in ship paints as they effectively and economically prevent the accumulation of fouling communities on vessels and man-made structures at sea ISantillo et at, 2001]. TBT and its degradation products impact notably on the immune system of marine mammals and on the reproductive system of molluscs. TBT compounds may reach great depth and have been found in deep-sea crustaceans, cephalopods, echinoderms, gastropods and fishes (Takahashi ef at, 1997; Borghi and Porte, 2002]. The substances bioaccumulate and move up the food chain to end up in high concentrations in top predators such as dolphins, tuna and sharks (GaliL. 2006). As legislations develop and restrictions are put in place on the use of TBTs, alternative antifouling compounds are used more widely, but there is still very little available data on the toxicity and environmental impacts of the herbicides and pesticide
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