. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Inferior Larynx of the Haven, Shewing the three bones, a, b, c. The Membrana tympaniformis.— This is a thin transparent membrane, extending from the os transversale to the extremities of the bronchial half-rings g (figs. 912 and 914) : it forms the internal surface of the larynx and bronchi, and is a continuation of the semilunar membrane; so that the tympaniform and semilunar membranes are stretched simul- taneously, and the latter is acted upon through the instrumentality of the former. The Arytenoid Cartilage. — This
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Inferior Larynx of the Haven, Shewing the three bones, a, b, c. The Membrana tympaniformis.— This is a thin transparent membrane, extending from the os transversale to the extremities of the bronchial half-rings g (figs. 912 and 914) : it forms the internal surface of the larynx and bronchi, and is a continuation of the semilunar membrane; so that the tympaniform and semilunar membranes are stretched simul- taneously, and the latter is acted upon through the instrumentality of the former. The Arytenoid Cartilage. — This is a small body situated at the head of the second bone: it is described by Savart as being of a lozenge shape in the starling, but very short in the nightingale. This form of larynx in the Cor- vidae and Sylviadae is provided with six pairs of muscles.* ( See/g. 914.) Palmipedes. — In the genera Anas and Mergus the inferior larynges of the males only are unsymmetrical, and composed of bony ca- vities. In the Anas domesticus, the inferior larynx presents osseous cavities formed by * These muscles are given in detail by Savart, Memoirs sur la Voix des , in the Ann. de Chem. et de Physique, vol. xxxii., also Cuvier, in the Rt-yne Animal, vol. iv. There are five pairs of muscles as- signed to the inferior larynx of the singing birds by Cuvier, Mr. Yarrell, Professors Grant and Owen, but six can be made out in the Corvidre, as stated by Savart, and seen in the figure of the 1. The inferior Larynx of the Raven, Shewing the six muscles, a, b, c, d, , which mo- dulate the voice on one side. 2. Anterior vieiv of the same, Shewing the membrana tympaniformis, g. transversale, of which the left is always the largest. The figure of the os transversale is very similar to that of the arytenoid cartilage in the human larynx,consisting of prominences, ridges, and base : the superior prominence of this bone projects high into the tube of the trachea, and completely div
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