. The anatomy of the human body. Human anatomy; Anatomy. THE SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION. 855 number of nervous filaments, these bodies may very properly be regarded as central points. The visceral portion of the sympathetic nerves will be described with the gan- glia to which they are connected. I shall describe in succession the cervical, the thoracic, the abdominal, and the pelvic portion of the sympathetic. I have already said that I do not recognise any proper ce- phalic portion of this system of nerves, for the ophthalmic and the other cranial ganglia seem to me to belong to a totally dif
. The anatomy of the human body. Human anatomy; Anatomy. THE SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION. 855 number of nervous filaments, these bodies may very properly be regarded as central points. The visceral portion of the sympathetic nerves will be described with the gan- glia to which they are connected. I shall describe in succession the cervical, the thoracic, the abdominal, and the pelvic portion of the sympathetic. I have already said that I do not recognise any proper ce- phalic portion of this system of nerves, for the ophthalmic and the other cranial ganglia seem to me to belong to a totally different class. The Cervical Portion of the Sympathetic System. The cervica^ portion of the sympathetic {ft, fig- 302) has this peculiarity, that, instead of being composed of as many ganglia as there are jrj„. 302. vertebrae, it has only two or three. This may be explained by supposing that the superior cervical ganglion represents by itself the ganglia which are wanting. It will hereafter be seen that the lumbar ganglia are rather frequently fused in a similar man- ner. The cervical portion of the sympathetic is situated on the anterior region of the vertebral col- umn, behind the internal and common carotid ar- teries, the internal jugular vein, and the pneumo- gastric nerve {p). It is connected to all these parts, and to the praevertebral muscles, by some very loose cellular tissue, a layer of fascia intervening between them ; it commences by a large fusiform ganglion, the superior cervical ganglion (/); this is succeeded by a nervous cord of variable size, which terminates in the middle cervical ganglion (a) when that exists, but when it is absent in the inferior cer- vical ganglion (i), which is continuous with the first thoracic ganglion, either directly or through the medium of two or three very remarkable nervous loops, or frequently by both methods of connexion. We shall proceed to examine the three cervical ganglia. The Superior Cervical Ganglion. Dissection.—Remov
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