. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Teachers' Leaflet. 551 LESSON CXIX. THE USE MADE OF THE ALDERS. Purpose.—To inform the pupils concerning the chief uses of alders. The alders are even greater lovers of water than are the willows; when planted on the banks of swift streams their strong, interlacing roots prevent the water from " washing," and thus save many acres of land. Alder wood when exposed to changes of wet and dry soon decays; but strangel
. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). Teachers' Leaflet. 551 LESSON CXIX. THE USE MADE OF THE ALDERS. Purpose.—To inform the pupils concerning the chief uses of alders. The alders are even greater lovers of water than are the willows; when planted on the banks of swift streams their strong, interlacing roots prevent the water from " washing," and thus save many acres of land. Alder wood when exposed to changes of wet and dry soon decays; but strangely enough if kept saturated in water is durable, so it is used for water pipes and for piles; the ancient cities of Venice and Amsterdam were built on a foundation of alder piles, according to an old authority. Ink and a fast black dye are made of alder bark, and tannin is obtained from both the bark and the fruit. The Speckled or Hoary Alder is the most common in New York State, and may be easily distinguished by its wide, speckled, brown branches and by its pointed leaves lined with a hoary bloom, which they lose later in the season. Our native alders are shrubs, rarely attaining more than ten feet in height. However, we have a European species which is a good sized tree. References.—"The Tree Book," p. 177. "Our Northern Shrubs," p. 460. " Our Native Trees," p. 460. LESSON CXX. THE WANDERER. Purpose.—To make the pupils interested in this very interesting and beneficial butterfly, which feeds upon the alder blight. There is a plant-louse which fastens itself to the twigs of alder, which is pro- tected by a woolly covering; a twig thus infested may be easily seen, for it looks as if it were wrapped in cotton wool. These plant-lice excrete large quantities the wanderer. of honey-dew which is much liked by Expanse a little over an inch. the ants. This honey-dew is excreted Color dark brown with large in such large quantities that it black- irre
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