. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . ss seel ion; s isolated raphides cells. (\) through this tissue. Cells containing large raphides bundles occur hereand there (5). 3. The Endocarp Cells are tliin-wallcd, narrow, and transverselyelongatez with conspicuous brown walls constitutes this coat (V). Vogl has notedthe presence of brown starch-grains 3 /< in diameter. Endosperm. The exceedingly thick, horny cell-walls of this tissue arevery striking. DIAGNOSIS. The warty epicarp cells, the hooked hairs, t


. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . ss seel ion; s isolated raphides cells. (\) through this tissue. Cells containing large raphides bundles occur hereand there (5). 3. The Endocarp Cells are tliin-wallcd, narrow, and transverselyelongatez with conspicuous brown walls constitutes this coat (V). Vogl has notedthe presence of brown starch-grains 3 /< in diameter. Endosperm. The exceedingly thick, horny cell-walls of this tissue arevery striking. DIAGNOSIS. The warty epicarp cells, the hooked hairs, the raphides bundles, thelarge brown cells of the spermoderm and the horny endosperm are thecharacteristic elements (Fig. 139). General Bibliography, pp. 671-674: Villiers et Collin (42); Vogl (45). PLANTAIN. The minute seeds of common plantain {Planlago major L. orderPlantaginacece) and the larger seeds of ribgrass or Enghsh plantain ( L.) are often present as an impurity in flaxseed and other. Fig. 140. Plantain {Plantago major), a fruit with calyx, b fruit with cap, and c longi-tudinal section of fruit showing placenta, natural size, d seed from inner side and eseed from dorsal side, enlarged. (Nobbe.) economic seeds. The brown seeds resemble in fomi the wheat kernel,being elongated, convex on one side and grooved on the other (Fig. 140).The characteristic tissue is the thick-walled, porous endosperm,reminding us of the endosperm of cow-wheat {Melampyrum). General Bibliography, pp. 671-674: Bohmer (23). FUNGUS IMPURITIES. ERGOT. Ergot is the resting stage (sclcrolium) of Claviccps purpurea Tulasne,a fungus belonging to the order Pyrcnomycctes. It is formed in theinflorescence of r}-e and other grasses, entirely replacing the grain. Ergot is separated from r}e for use as a drug in Russia and other con-tinental countries. If the grain is not thoroughly freed from tliis impurityit is liable to cause certain diseases, although tlic op


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpub, booksubjectplantanatomy