. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VENOM AND ANTIVENIN 257 much more marked than the combining property of the venom, although both undergo certain inactive modifications. In 1903-04 Madsen and Noguchi carried out a large series of experiments on the partial-neutralization phenomenon of different venoms and their specific antivenins, with specific reference to the haemolysis and toxicity. CROTALUS-VENOM ANTIVENIN. Guinea-pigs were used as test animals; the mixtures were injected intra- peritoneally. The venom had the toxicity of gm. = i minimal lethal
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VENOM AND ANTIVENIN 257 much more marked than the combining property of the venom, although both undergo certain inactive modifications. In 1903-04 Madsen and Noguchi carried out a large series of experiments on the partial-neutralization phenomenon of different venoms and their specific antivenins, with specific reference to the haemolysis and toxicity. CROTALUS-VENOM ANTIVENIN. Guinea-pigs were used as test animals; the mixtures were injected intra- peritoneally. The venom had the toxicity of gm. = i minimal lethal dose for guinea-pigs (weight 300 grams) given intraperitoneally. gm. was the amount of venom used for the experiment; of the antivenin (specific) made this amount non-lethal. Two hours' standing at 37° C. was always allowed to the mixtures before injection into the animals. The results are given m table 34. Under n are indicated the quantities Table 35. [s per cent suspensionof dog's blood; i of percent crotalus venom solution + n of crotalusa antivenin 4- I- per cent NaCl solution.]. n. I. n. III. q obs. q calc. 0 100 100 89 77-4 81 72 54-4 53 0-3 45-9 44 0-3S 35-8 34-5 25 16 o-S 0-55 i-S i-iS i-S 0 0 0. Fig. II 06 â Crotalolysin antilysin. Dog's blood. of antivenin added to a constant dose of venom, gm., and under "g observed," the observed toxicity. These observed values, after allowing for errors in experiment, can be expressed by the same formula which repre- sents the combinations of toxins and antitoxins of other substances. Free toxin Free antitoxin volume volume = K' Toxin-antitoxin In this case: I - represents the quantity of
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