. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . cies proved negative: whereas Biach andHulle described in cats, both male and female, the production of anatrophied condition of the pineal. In connexion with this it may, however,be mentioned that the pineal is often normally very small in the cat. It must be admitted that the results of clinical observations and experi-mental work in animals are at present difficult to reconcile, and do notenable us to come to any definite conclusion regarding the functions ofthis organ and the nature and mode of action of its autac
. The endocrine organs; an introduction to the study of internal secretion . cies proved negative: whereas Biach andHulle described in cats, both male and female, the production of anatrophied condition of the pineal. In connexion with this it may, however,be mentioned that the pineal is often normally very small in the cat. It must be admitted that the results of clinical observations and experi-mental work in animals are at present difficult to reconcile, and do notenable us to come to any definite conclusion regarding the functions ofthis organ and the nature and mode of action of its autacoids. CHAPTER XVII THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF THE ALIMENTARYMUCOUS MEMBRANE AND OF THE PANCREAS SECRETINES BAYLISS and Starling discovered in 1902 that an extract of the duodenalmucous membrane, or even of its epithelium alone, if injected into thecirculating blood, produces a rapid secretion of pancreatic juice (fig. 87).In Bayliss and Starlings experiments the active substance was obtained byboiling the mucous membrane with dilute hydrochloric acid and afterwards a bc d. FIG. 87. —Effect on blood-pressure and secretion of pancreatic juice of injecting into a veinextract of mucous membrane of duodenum, made by boiling with dilute hydrochloricacid and subsequently neutralising. (Bayliss and Starling.) a, blood-pressure : notice the sharp fall followed by return to normal; b, drops of pancreatic juice;c, signal; d, time in seconds. neutralising and filtering: the autacoid (hormone) is contained in the observed little or no activity from extracts of membrane whichhad not been treated with acid, and concluded that the active substance(secretine) is present in the cells in an inactive form (pro-seeretine), and be-comes activated (converted into secretine) by the action of the acid. It hadbeen previously found that rinsing the duodenum with dilute mineral acid 1 1 According to Babkin and Ishikawa, fatty acids introduced into the duodenum have asimilar effect. 124 Sec
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