Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . or Human Body showing DorsalandVentralTube. -„-y,r)/» +nhp i<3 (After Huxley.) OT UppeV DUOe IS termed the dorsal or neural tube or canal. It containsthe brain and spinal cord (the cerebro-spinal nervoussystem). Neural Axoh or Tube. The anterior or lower tube oi canal is termed the ventral or hcemal tube. The hmmal or ventral canal includes the face from the ej-es downwards (the mouth and nose forming a double inlet), the heart, lungs, alimentary canal, and other blood-preparing organs, and the sympathetic nervous system, and other organs. M ^
Elements of animal physiology, chiefly human . or Human Body showing DorsalandVentralTube. -„-y,r)/» +nhp i<3 (After Huxley.) OT UppeV DUOe IS termed the dorsal or neural tube or canal. It containsthe brain and spinal cord (the cerebro-spinal nervoussystem). Neural Axoh or Tube. The anterior or lower tube oi canal is termed the ventral or hcemal tube. The hmmal or ventral canal includes the face from the ej-es downwards (the mouth and nose forming a double inlet), the heart, lungs, alimentary canal, and other blood-preparing organs, and the sympathetic nervous system, and other organs. M ^ The double4ube is made up of a ? / ? series of segments, termed vertebrce, ^ / ^ which are built up or super-posed, the one on top of the other. 46. The theoretical typical ver-tebra (see fig, 6) is supposed to it difffer^^^^^^*^^^ ns and processes ^of the j^^^ ^^ ccntrum. The one is in-tended to contain a portion of the nervous system, and. Centrum.»-- Haemal Arch or Tube. THE SKELETON. 31 is therefore termed the neural hoop or arch (from , nerve); the lower hoop is intended for the pro-tection of a portion of the vascular system, and is there-fore termed the hcemal hoop (from Gr. haima, blood). 47. It is further supposed that the skull consists of fourgreatly modified vertebrae, in which the neural (dorsal)arches or hoops are greatly enlarged; also, that the ab-dominal and thoracic cavities are more or less enclosedby vertehce, greatly modified by the addition of ribs(jDleurapophyses), &c., which are regarded as mere exten-sions of the hcemal or ventral hoops. The pelvis, whichbounds the lower end of the ventral tube, is also regardedas consisting of modified vertebras. CHAPTER III. THE SKELETON OE OSSEOUS SYSTEM—THE BONESAND LIGAMENTS. 48. The Skeleton (from Gr. shello, I dry up) is thehard bony framework of the body. It consists of 200or upwards of separate hones, united together by meansof cartilages
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