. Republican Rome; her conquests, manners and institutions from the earliest times to the death of Caesar . s the great martyr of republican liberty. It is not withoutreason that Dante in his great poem ^ assigns an especialplace of honour to the man who, in a cruel age, never forgothis humanity, and who trod the path of rectitude from thebeginning to the end. Last Stand of the Pompeians The butchery of Thapsus was repeated a year later atMunda, in southern Spain, where the Pompeians had ralliedtheir forces for a last desperate stand. The movement was soserious that Caesar was obliged to suspe
. Republican Rome; her conquests, manners and institutions from the earliest times to the death of Caesar . s the great martyr of republican liberty. It is not withoutreason that Dante in his great poem ^ assigns an especialplace of honour to the man who, in a cruel age, never forgothis humanity, and who trod the path of rectitude from thebeginning to the end. Last Stand of the Pompeians The butchery of Thapsus was repeated a year later atMunda, in southern Spain, where the Pompeians had ralliedtheir forces for a last desperate stand. The movement was soserious that Caesar was obliged to suspend his labours inRome and hurry to the seat of war. After some months ofdesultory fighting the rebels were brought to bay in theneighbourhood of Cordova, and their forces, amounting tothirteen legions, were utterly destroyed. Among the slainwas I^abienus, Caesars old lieutenant, who had distinguishedhimself by his barbarous treatment of the prisoners who fellinto his hands. Before leaving Spain Caesar was joined bythe young Caius Octavius, his grand-nephew and adopted heir, ^ Purgatorio, i. 31 £E. 524. REPUBLICAN ROME afterwards known in history under the renowned name ofAugustus. Caesar as Legislator During fourteen years we have seen Caesar involved inalmost constant warfare. He had fought countless battles,generally against heavy odds, and many a time he had beenin great peril, but he had always known how to pluck victoryfrom the very jaws of defeat. Beginning his military careercomparatively late in life, the sudden transformation of theprofligate man of fashion and expert political intriguer into amighty conqueror must have seemed to his contemporarieslittle less than a miracle. His almost superhuman energy andthe lightning rapidity of his movements are noted by Cicerowith a sort of horrified admiration. In the course of the civilwar he twice traversed the whole breadth of the Roman world,and shattered the armies of the RepubHc in Greece, in Africa,and in Spain. We have n
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