. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. PKOGRESSION IN OR TIIKOUGH THE AIR. 147 insect it is due to a twisting which occurs at the root of the wing and to the reaction of the Fig. 76. Fig. 77. Fig. 78. Fig. 76.—Curves seen on the anterior {d e f) and posterior (c a h) margin in the wing of the bird in flexion. —Origrma^. Fig. 77.—Curves seen on the anterior margin {d ef) of the wing in semi-exten- sion. In this case the curves on the posterior margin (6 c) are obliter- ated. —Original. Fig. 78.—Curves seen
. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. PKOGRESSION IN OR TIIKOUGH THE AIR. 147 insect it is due to a twisting which occurs at the root of the wing and to the reaction of the Fig. 76. Fig. 77. Fig. 78. Fig. 76.—Curves seen on the anterior {d e f) and posterior (c a h) margin in the wing of the bird in flexion. —Origrma^. Fig. 77.—Curves seen on the anterior margin {d ef) of the wing in semi-exten- sion. In this case the curves on the posterior margin (6 c) are obliter- ated. —Original. Fig. 78.—Curves seen on the anterior (d e f) and posterior (c a h) margin of the wing in extension. The curves of this fig. are the converse of those seen at fig. 76. Compare these figs, with fig. 79 and fig. 32, p. 68.—Original. The Tip of the Bat and Bird's Wing describes an Ellipse.— The movements of the wrist are always the converse of those occurring at the elbow-joint. Thus in the bird, during ex- tension, the elbow and boues of the forearm are elevated, and describe one side of an ellipse, while the wrist and bones of the hand are depressed, and describe the side of another and opposite ellipse. These movements are reversed during flexion, the elbow being depressed and carried backwards, while the wrist is elevated and carried forwards (fig. 79). Extension (elbow). ^ Flexion (wrist).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Pettigrew, James Bell, 1834-1908. New York, D. Appleton & company
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectaeronau, bookyear1874
