. Water & sewage works . harge require offsets of 6, 7 or 8 stakes are usually set by instrumenton a line parallel with the center line ofthe work so that the operators of themachine are enabled to keep a properalinement upon the excavation. Gradestakes are given at intervals of 20 feet sothat as soon as the machine passes onestake the workmen may level a crosspiece over the trench and pull a line tothe cross piece leveled from the laststake. This enables the contractor to laypipe at all times within 20 or 25 feet ofthe machine, and when speed is essentialit greatly facilitates the ha
. Water & sewage works . harge require offsets of 6, 7 or 8 stakes are usually set by instrumenton a line parallel with the center line ofthe work so that the operators of themachine are enabled to keep a properalinement upon the excavation. Gradestakes are given at intervals of 20 feet sothat as soon as the machine passes onestake the workmen may level a crosspiece over the trench and pull a line tothe cross piece leveled from the laststake. This enables the contractor to laypipe at all times within 20 or 25 feet ofthe machine, and when speed is essentialit greatly facilitates the handling ofsheeting and bracing. The pipe are gagedto the line between cross pieces by meansof a gage pole. The writer has foundthat the best form of gage pole is a 1-Inch-square strip 12 to 14 feet longmarked off in feet and mounted at thebottom with an ordinary iron shelf-brack-et. This bracket is rigid and not easilybroken in the ordinary course of a pipe is to be laid, a trowel of ce- 22 MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING. LOWERING THIRTY-INCH VITRIFIEDPIPE into trench. Chicago sewer con-struction, 1912. ment is thrown into the lower part ofexposed bell of the last pipe laid andspread with the trowel up the sides ofthe bell so as to form a bed for the spi-got end of the next pipe. When the nextpipe is laid and found to be at grade, thepipe layer reaches as far as possible un-der the sides of the bell and seals it asperfectly as he can with cement. A sin-gle stroke of the shovel of the bottomman will serve to remove any excess ofcement that may be crowded into the in-terior of the pipe. A good laborer canso trim the bottom that very little ad-justment will be needed to grade the pipeproperly. An ordinary pail of cementwill seal three or four 12 to 15-inch the larger sizes of pipe, the propor-tion of cement increases until on the30-inch pipe a pail of cement is used insealing one joint. There is no trouble in raising or low-ering a pipe to grade when the sizes arethe small
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectsewerage, bookyear191
