. Travels of a naturalist in northern Europe, Norway, 1871, Archangel, 1872, Petchora, 1875 . onlyvillage we have seen it in since leaving Vologda Govern-ment. (In Archangel I have omitted to mention that weobserved a few specimens only of the Tree Sparrow.) On the last stage before reaching Pifiega we shot aGreat Spotted Woodpecker, and tried in vain to get at twoSiberian Jays. We found it, however, absolutely imprac-ticable to attempt any work in the woods without snow-shoes, and soon gave up attempting it. At Pinega, which we reached at 2 , we saw twentySamoyede sledges and about eighty


. Travels of a naturalist in northern Europe, Norway, 1871, Archangel, 1872, Petchora, 1875 . onlyvillage we have seen it in since leaving Vologda Govern-ment. (In Archangel I have omitted to mention that weobserved a few specimens only of the Tree Sparrow.) On the last stage before reaching Pifiega we shot aGreat Spotted Woodpecker, and tried in vain to get at twoSiberian Jays. We found it, however, absolutely imprac-ticable to attempt any work in the woods without snow-shoes, and soon gave up attempting it. At Pinega, which we reached at 2 , we saw twentySamoyede sledges and about eighty Reindeer (at four deerto each sledge). They were from Kahin. We left ourletter for the Ispravnik of Piiiega, as he may possibly beuseful to us on our return journey. Our route to Kuloiskaia, a 34 versts stage, lay princi-pally along the Kuloi River from near its source, onthe right bank, amidst beautiful scenery. A low rangeof what Seebohm recognised as Oolite skirts the river-side, and is covered with weird forest of lichen-coveredlarches and pines and spruce. The tall larches were most. PET CHORA 249 prominent, and the spruce most plentiful. The roadwinds sharply in and out among the trees and over orround the undulations of the ground, becoming verynarrow at places, or, again, takes a straight course acrosssome open glade in the forest. In many places the riverwas free of ice, and we could see that there was a con-siderable current. A few Wild Ducks were haunting theopen water, and Piottuch made several vain attempts toapproach to within shot of them. We shot one Crossbill,and found dead and partly eaten a Common Eedpoll. We can easily picture the enjoyment of floating downthe Kuloi River in a boat, lazily lounging on mattressesand spring seats, as described by Mr. Rae in his Landof the North W^ind. In summer the banks of the KuloiRiver must be doubly beautiful. Our next two stages—to Berezovskaia, 20 versts, andto Ginsegorskaia (Malo-Nemungskaia), 24 versts—weredone in


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