. The Canadian field-naturalist. 436 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 94 There is no previous record of the pollination of C. candidum under natural circumstances. In spite of numerous visits to wild colonies, Stoutamire (1967) observed pollination only once. This involved a female oi Andrena placida and a group of cultivated plants in Oakland County, Michigan. Methods In view of the lack of information on the pollination of this rare orchid, an attempt was made to gather data during visits to the Pinnance Prairie on Squirrel Island (42° 'N, 82° 35'W) Lambton County, Onta- rio, on 28 and
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 436 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 94 There is no previous record of the pollination of C. candidum under natural circumstances. In spite of numerous visits to wild colonies, Stoutamire (1967) observed pollination only once. This involved a female oi Andrena placida and a group of cultivated plants in Oakland County, Michigan. Methods In view of the lack of information on the pollination of this rare orchid, an attempt was made to gather data during visits to the Pinnance Prairie on Squirrel Island (42° 'N, 82° 35'W) Lambton County, Onta- rio, on 28 and 31 May 1979. At this location 2000-3000 plants were scattered through a rich open prairie ha in extent. This small area, leased for protection by the Michigan Nature Association, is one of the finest prairie stands left in southern Ontario with about 300 native species listed to date (Michigan Nature Association, 124 Miller Street, Mount Cle- mens, Michigan 48043, personal communication). The Small White Lady's-slippers were in late peak of flowering during our visits. Flowering plants were observed and insects asso- ciated with the flowers were collected. Insects visiting the flowers of other species were captured, anesthet- ized with COj and examined for C candidum pollen. A variety of live bees was introduced experimentally into the lips in order to observe their subsequent behavior. Bees were identified by G. Knerer using Mitchell (1960) or more recent work. Andrena ziziae was determined by W. E. LaBerge of the University of Illinois, Urbana. Voucher specimens are contained in the collections of the Department of Zoology at the University of Toronto, Department of Entomology at the Royal Ontario Museum and Entomology Section. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Ottawa Field-Naturalists
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