A practical treatise on the technics and principles of dental orthopedia and prosthetic correction of cleft palate . ence to certain elements in open and explosiveaspirates, which will be appreciated when one distinctly enunciates the initial oral CHAPTER II. PHYSIOLOGIC AND PHONETIC PRINCIPLES 429 elements of p and b in pay and bay, and w and wh in the words watt and what, each pair being made at the lips with exactly the same positions but with differentbreath or fricative force. Cleft palate pupils who may easily acquire a perfectarticulation of the initial sounds of pu, tu, and wa, etc., w
A practical treatise on the technics and principles of dental orthopedia and prosthetic correction of cleft palate . ence to certain elements in open and explosiveaspirates, which will be appreciated when one distinctly enunciates the initial oral CHAPTER II. PHYSIOLOGIC AND PHONETIC PRINCIPLES 429 elements of p and b in pay and bay, and w and wh in the words watt and what, each pair being made at the lips with exactly the same positions but with differentbreath or fricative force. Cleft palate pupils who may easily acquire a perfectarticulation of the initial sounds of pu, tu, and wa, etc., will often work for weeks onthe initial sounds of bu, da, and wh, not that they lack in physical means, but theyfail to acquire a fixed and retentive conception of the difference in the sound-images, when uttered by themselves. In this connection, note the explosive and open aspirate difference in theinitial and final 1 and r in the words, late and still, and run and bur, showingthe necessity of dividing the Aspirates into two Classes. This is fully explained inthe explanatory notes following the Charts. Fig. The above Chart shows the position of the tongue,lips, etc., in uttering the Nasal Oral the open oro-nasal passage. THE NASALS The Nasals are the only elements of speechin which the oro-nasal passage is required to beopen for the free passage of the air blasts. Nasalsare composed of the intoned consonant sounds,m, n, and ng, which it will be found, demandclosed stops to drive the column of vocalizedbreath directly into the nasal chambers for theproduction of that peculiar nasal resonancecharacteristic of these utterances. Therefore,they are the only sounds which most patients withopen clefts will perfectly utter with proper toneand resonance. The resonance and enunciatorycharacters of each of the nasal elements areregulated by the points at which the stops occur,and which determine the size of the oral cavityback of the stop as a part of the resonating are
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