Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people . remunerative of which tlieyare capable, even without reference to the improvement of adja-cent lands to whicli shelter is afforded; and the increased demandfor timber in Britain, for sleepers of railways and other i)urposes,tends to the still furtlier encouragement of A. The resinous products of piiie-woods are not considered as asource of profit in Britain; but the tar, turpentine, and resin ob-tained from them in some parts of Europe, form articles of com-nierce. The great pinaster plantations already mentioned, o
Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people . remunerative of which tlieyare capable, even without reference to the improvement of adja-cent lands to whicli shelter is afforded; and the increased demandfor timber in Britain, for sleepers of railways and other i)urposes,tends to the still furtlier encouragement of A. The resinous products of piiie-woods are not considered as asource of profit in Britain; but the tar, turpentine, and resin ob-tained from them in some parts of Europe, form articles of com-nierce. The great pinaster plantations already mentioned, on thesands between the Adour and Gironde, now yield products of thiskihd in large quantity. The employment of trees for ornamentalpurposes belongs not so much to A. as to Landscape Gardening(q. v.). The transplanting (q. v.) of large trees is only ))ractisedfor ornamental purposes. Hedgerow trees are planted chiefly forornament, although sometimes they may afford useful shelter; butwhere this is not the case, they can seldom be reckoned profitable. 270 ARBOE VIT^— Arbor Vitse (Tlivja occidentalis): End of branch, showing mode of ramification and fruit. as they are injmious to crops. Copse or coppice-wood differs somuch, both in its uses and in tlie mode of its management, fromother plantations, tliat it must be briefly noticed in a sejiaratearticle. ARBOR VIT^ (.Thuja), a genus of plants of the natural orderConifers, allied to the cypress,and consisting of evergreen treesand slirubs with compressed or flattened branchlet^—small, scale-like, imbricated leaves—and monoecious flowers, which have 4-celled anthers, and the scales of the strobiles (or cones) with twoupright ovules.—Tlie common A. V. (T. ucculentalis) is a native ofNorth America, esiieciaUy between ° and lat. 49°, but lias long been wellknown in Europe. It is a tree of 40—.50 feet high ; its brandies are horizon-tally expanded, and the strobiles (cones)small and obovate. The young leafytwigs
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