. Cost of production of apples in the Payette Valley, Idaho : a detailed study of the current cost factors involved in the maintenance of orchards and the handling of the crop on 38 representative bearing orchards, Payette district in western Idaho. Apples. COST OF PRODUCTION OF APPLES, PAYETTE VALLEY, IDAHO. 15 It is found that more manure is applied annually per acre on or- chards in mulch crop than on clean-cultural orchards. This is partly due to the fact that the mulch-crop orchards are smaller, thus making more manure available per acre, and partly to the fact that the farms which have o
. Cost of production of apples in the Payette Valley, Idaho : a detailed study of the current cost factors involved in the maintenance of orchards and the handling of the crop on 38 representative bearing orchards, Payette district in western Idaho. Apples. COST OF PRODUCTION OF APPLES, PAYETTE VALLEY, IDAHO. 15 It is found that more manure is applied annually per acre on or- chards in mulch crop than on clean-cultural orchards. This is partly due to the fact that the mulch-crop orchards are smaller, thus making more manure available per acre, and partly to the fact that the farms which have orchards in mulch crop keep about one-third more stock than those which have the clean-cultural orchards. It is found that the labor cost for manuring is per cent of the total net labor cost, while the material cost is per cent of the total material and fixed cost, making the total cost of manuring per cent of the annual net cost of production. PRUNING. Pruning is practiced generally every year by all growers. The open-head tree system is the most popular form of pruning, and from four to seven leaders with a well-opened head is the type sought. As rMWt^ b. - " •' Fig. 7.—A young orchard near Payette from which alfalfa has been harvested. Note the flock of 700 turkeys. A great diversity of live stock is profitably raised in this section. the principal variety of the Payette Valley is the Jonathan, it is nec- essary to give the tree plenty of light in order to give color to the fruit. There is no noticeable tendency as yet to head back the tops of the trees in order to keep their height reduced. (See fig. 7.) The cost of pruning is $ per tree, or $ per box. This, as will be seen (Table V), is identical with the cost of thinning for all the orchards. The pruning cost is somewhat higher for mulch-crop orchards than for clean-cultivated orchards. This, no doubt, is partly due to the fact that the average acreage of the mulch-crop orchards is about 4
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