. Textile soaps and oils. A handbook on the preparation, properties and analysis of the soaps and oils used in textile manufacturing, dyeing and printing. these trades. There is,however, one use to which oils are put that will not be heretouched upon, and that is in the lubrication of the machinesused in the spinning, weaving, etc. of the textile fabrics. Thissubject has already been dealt with in the authors Lubri-cating Oils, Fats, and Greases, and to that book the reader isreferred. Wool Oils The first treatment which the wool fibre undergoes in itstransformation from the raw or loose wool,
. Textile soaps and oils. A handbook on the preparation, properties and analysis of the soaps and oils used in textile manufacturing, dyeing and printing. these trades. There is,however, one use to which oils are put that will not be heretouched upon, and that is in the lubrication of the machinesused in the spinning, weaving, etc. of the textile fabrics. Thissubject has already been dealt with in the authors Lubri-cating Oils, Fats, and Greases, and to that book the reader isreferred. Wool Oils The first treatment which the wool fibre undergoes in itstransformation from the raw or loose wool, as it comes from thesheeps back, to the finished textile fabric, is that of scouringor cleansing, which is done by using soda or potash, with orthout soap, with the objectof removing the grease and dirtwith which the wool is impreg-nated, the impurity rangingfrom 25 per cent, in the best andcleanest grades of wool to 60 percent, in the commonest gradesof greasy or pitchy wools. Wool thus cleansed cannot,however, be conveniently spunor woven. The wool fibre has a scaly structure, as shown inFig. 5, taken from Franklin Beechs Dyeing of Woollen 115. Fig. 5.—Tho Wool Fibre. 116 TEXTILE SOAPS AND OILS Fabrics} and the scales on one fibre are liable to interlockwith those of another fibre during the many manipulationsthrough which the wool passes while being spun and woven;and this interlocking prevents that free motion of the fibreswhich is necessary for a perfect woollen thread to be spun. In order to prevent this interlocking taking place, the woolis oiled before it is spun, this oiling process being commonlycalled batching. The oldest method of carrying out thisoperation was to spread the wool in layers on the floor of aroom and to sprinkle it with the oil, then to put another layerof wool down and to sprinkle this, and so on until all the woolhad been treated, when it was more or less raked about or piledinto heaps with the object of getting the oil uniformly distri-buted thr
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectoilsandfats, bookyear
