. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. RADAR STORM OBSERVATION 1271 or other indicator operating in synchronism with the antenna azimuth control. This is also true for A- and R-scope azimuth readings. during the past few years and need little explanation, especially when accompanied by a synoptic map show- ing position and orientation of the surface front in the PRECIPITATION ECHOES 30,000 - RANGE MARKS AT 10 MILE NTERVALS. LOCATION / 0^ RADAR 5,000 60 50 40 30 RANGE (MILES) Fig. 5.—Diagram illustrating features of RHI scope of AJ^/TPS-lOA radar (X-band). Photographic images (and this diagr
. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. RADAR STORM OBSERVATION 1271 or other indicator operating in synchronism with the antenna azimuth control. This is also true for A- and R-scope azimuth readings. during the past few years and need little explanation, especially when accompanied by a synoptic map show- ing position and orientation of the surface front in the PRECIPITATION ECHOES 30,000 - RANGE MARKS AT 10 MILE NTERVALS. LOCATION / 0^ RADAR 5,000 60 50 40 30 RANGE (MILES) Fig. 5.—Diagram illustrating features of RHI scope of AJ^/TPS-lOA radar (X-band). Photographic images (and this diagram) are reversed from normal presentation because of the design of camera used to obtain RHI-scope pictures which follow. Vertical distortion of scope about 10:1. Diagram il- lustrates appearance of mature thunderstorm at range of 40 to 55 miles. Appearance of Scopes During Storms.^ Precipitation may be divided into various types, using basic causes as the means of classification, as follows: A. Frontal precipitation. 1. Cold front. 2. Warm front. 3. Occluded front. B. Orographic precipitation. C. Hurricanes or typhoons. D. Instability showers. 1. Air mass. 2. Thunderstorms. This breakdown is convenient for the purposes of this discussion because the horizontal and vertical dis- tribution of hydrometeors is indicative of the motivat- ing cause. This distribution in space can easily be ob- served with radar. A. Frontal Preci-pitation. 1. Cold front. Perhaps the most striking and easily understood of all radarscope displays is that of echo signals from the squalls asso- ciated with an active cold front. Photographs of PPI scopes similar to Fig. 6 have been widely published 2. It should be noted that a single radar system cannot incorporate all the characteristics necessary for all types of radar weather observations. For example, the cloud-detection radar cannot be used for rain and snow observation because of severe attenuation of its energy when the size of the hydro- meteors
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