Practical preventive medicine . Pig. 23.—Sketch showing general arrangement of a chemical closet. (Cour-tesy of the Dail Steel Products Company.) (Hansen: Illinois Health News.) EXCRETA DISPOSAL 119 successful operation depends upon the degree of simplicity intheir construction, as a general proposition those whose success-ful operation requires continuous care are neglected sooner orlater. All should be well screened and have a tight seat are usually of the following types: 1. Vaulted.—The excreta are deposited into a pit or vaultunderneath. The pit should be made water tight by
Practical preventive medicine . Pig. 23.—Sketch showing general arrangement of a chemical closet. (Cour-tesy of the Dail Steel Products Company.) (Hansen: Illinois Health News.) EXCRETA DISPOSAL 119 successful operation depends upon the degree of simplicity intheir construction, as a general proposition those whose success-ful operation requires continuous care are neglected sooner orlater. All should be well screened and have a tight seat are usually of the following types: 1. Vaulted.—The excreta are deposited into a pit or vaultunderneath. The pit should be made water tight by means ofconcrete walls and bottom (Fig. 24). 2. Pail or Can Privies.—The excreta are deposited in large pailsor buckets fitted underneath the seat. At voiding the personusing the privy may cover the excreta with a thin layer of dryearth or ashes. Thev require constant attention, are apt to be. Fig. 24.—A stationary-receptacle sanitary privy- with a cement vault arrangedfor convenient clearing. (P. H. Bull. 68, U. S. P. H. S.) neglected and hence, if privately controlled, are troublesome(Fig. 25). The wide spread employment of this type of privy- inunsewered towns, or unsewered areas of towns, should be undermunicipal supervision. Provision should be made for the ex-change of receptacles at frequent, regular intervals, if satisfac-tory results are to be secured. The expense of maintainence ofsuch a system is high, which tends to stimulate a desire for theearly installation of a sewerage system. The excreta (or nightsoil) are disposed of either by burial or incineration. 3. Leaching Privies.—These are apt to be unsatisfactory ordangerous. No pit is provided and the excreta are deposited onthe surface of the ground. They should be located with care 120 PRACTICAL PREVENTIVE MEDICINE with particular reference to surface drainage and are not suit-able for clay, gravely soil o
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