. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page JO BETTER FRUIT March ling moth is not a very effective measure from the fact that the majority of the worms leave the fruit before it falls to the ground. In Ohio it was shown by experiment that 72% of codling moth larvae leave the apples either before the apples have fallen or within twenty-four hours after. On the other hand, the destruction of windfall apples is to be highly recommended for destroying cur- culio larvae. Since apples containing curculio larvae invariably drop to the ground before the curculio is matured, the destruction of such windfalls,
. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page JO BETTER FRUIT March ling moth is not a very effective measure from the fact that the majority of the worms leave the fruit before it falls to the ground. In Ohio it was shown by experiment that 72% of codling moth larvae leave the apples either before the apples have fallen or within twenty-four hours after. On the other hand, the destruction of windfall apples is to be highly recommended for destroying cur- culio larvae. Since apples containing curculio larvae invariably drop to the ground before the curculio is matured, the destruction of such windfalls, either by picking up the fruit by hand or pas- turing with hogs, would destroy many of the insects. Cultivation of orchards is one of the best of procedures for curculio destruc- tion. It keeps the orchard free from many of the desirable hibernation places for the adults, and it unquestionably destroys a high per cent of the insects in the ground. Shallow cultivations in the months July and August will crush many larvae and pupae of this insect which are present in greatest numbers just beneath the surface of the earth at this time, as shown by the life history studies of curculio. It is possible that ing the fruit in something the same man- ner as the codling moth, and found to be controlled by the sprayings recom- mended. The apple curculio (Anthonomus quad- rigibbus Say), the plum-gouger (Antho- nomus scutellaris Lee), and other cur- culios are known to be present in Mis- souri apple orchards and are, to a degree, repressed by these treatments. The apple tent - caterpillar (Malaco- soma americana Fab.) is often very abun- dant and destructive to the foliage early in the spring, and the addition of the arsenical to the dormant spray before bloom and the sprays following this usu- ally results in cleaning them out. The spring canker-worm (Paleacrita vernata Peck), which begins its feeding so early, is likewise reduced by the arsen- ical in the spring dormant spray and by thos
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