. The student's American history . r, the Ohio Companysucceeded in purchasing 5,000,000 acres of Government land,and sent out General Rufus Putnam (§ 207) with a band ofemigrants. They began the settlement of Marietta (1788).Late in the same year the building of another group of loghuts, farther down the river, marked the beginning of the cityof Cincinnati. Speaking of the beautiful Ohio valley, Washing-ton said: If I was a young man, I know of no country whereI should rather fix my habitation. ^^* Three years later (1791) anthracite coal was accidentally dis- 228 THE students AMERICAN HISTORY
. The student's American history . r, the Ohio Companysucceeded in purchasing 5,000,000 acres of Government land,and sent out General Rufus Putnam (§ 207) with a band ofemigrants. They began the settlement of Marietta (1788).Late in the same year the building of another group of loghuts, farther down the river, marked the beginning of the cityof Cincinnati. Speaking of the beautiful Ohio valley, Washing-ton said: If I was a young man, I know of no country whereI should rather fix my habitation. ^^* Three years later (1791) anthracite coal was accidentally dis- 228 THE students AMERICAN HISTORY. [1790-1792. covered at Mauch Chunk Mountain in Pennsylvania (§ 143).The first attempts to use this coal for fuel completely failed, andin Philadelphia it was taken to mend the roads. Later experi-ments proved that this black stone would burn, and it cameslowly into use for manufacturing and heating purposes. With few exceptions the chief industry of the United StatesWashington in his first message (1790) earn- was The United States, 1790-1800. estly recommended the encouragement of manufactures. Ham-ilton in his famous report on that subject took the ground that,since reciprocity of free trade was not then to be expected, itwas the duty of Congress to stimulate the establishment ofmanufactures by a system of protective duties and bounties;but no action was taken until after the War of 1812.^^^ Commerce was thriving, and every American vessel was indemand. New England shipowners were not only makingfortunes in the India trade, but were opening up a traffic infurs between the northern Pacific coast and China. CaptainRobert Gray of Boston, one of the pioneers in that trade, first 1793-.] THE UNION, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. 229 carried the American flag (1790) round the world. Two yearslater (1792) he was the first white man to enter that great riverof the West which he named the Columbia, thereby securing tothe United States its original claim to the Oregon country.
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