. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1999 Burnett: Chapter 1: Exercising Dominion. CWS field parties have often traced the footsteps of earlier explorers. At Winter Harbour, Melville Island, in 1961. Don Thomas examines the rock marking the westward limit of William Parry's search for the Northwest Passage (1819-1820) and bearing a plaque on which Joseph-E. Bemier claimed the Arctic Archipelago for Canada in 1909 (Photo credit: D. Thomas). mate field of scientific investigation. Interested indi- viduals included Samuel de Champlain and Nicolas Denys in the 17th century, and Peter Kalm, the assis-
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1999 Burnett: Chapter 1: Exercising Dominion. CWS field parties have often traced the footsteps of earlier explorers. At Winter Harbour, Melville Island, in 1961. Don Thomas examines the rock marking the westward limit of William Parry's search for the Northwest Passage (1819-1820) and bearing a plaque on which Joseph-E. Bemier claimed the Arctic Archipelago for Canada in 1909 (Photo credit: D. Thomas). mate field of scientific investigation. Interested indi- viduals included Samuel de Champlain and Nicolas Denys in the 17th century, and Peter Kalm, the assis- tant of Linnaeus, in the 18th. As time passed, increasing numbers of exploration and survey parties considered the gathering of data on the natural histo- ry of the regions through which they travelled to be a part of their task. Naturalist William Anderson had sailed with James Cook, collecting birds in 1778, and Royal Navy surgeon Archibald Menzies dou- bled as ship's botanist under George Vancouver in 1792-1793. The Palliser Expedition (1857-1860) included among its members a geologist and natural- ist, Dr. John Hector, and a botanical collector, Eugene Bourgeau. Henry Youle Hind served as geologist/naturalist with expeditions to the Red, Assiniboine, and South Saskatchewan rivers in 1857-1858. In 1872, when Sandford Fleming was organizing the first of a series of government sur- veys aimed at selecting a route for the Canadian Pacific Railway, he invited John Macoun" to join the expedition as botanist.'- Macoun's participation in frequent western explo- rations over the next decade provided him with a wealth of field experience and a growing reputation as a botanical geographer. In addition, it brought him to the attention of A. R. C. Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, whom he accom- panied on his landmark trek of 1875, which pushed eastward through the interior of British Columbia and down the Peace River.'^ In 1882, Selwyn appointed Macoun to a perm
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