Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . prior invention, is shown by a passage in Bos-wells Life of Johnson. In the diary of his Welshtour, Aug. 3, 17*74, when at Holywell, Johnson says: Ata copper work, which receives its pigs of copper, I think,from Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot be-tween steel rollers, and spread thin: I know not wheth-er the upper roller was set to a certain distance, as I sup-pose, or acted only by its weight. At an iron work,I saw round bars formed by a notched hammer andanvil. The puddle
Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . prior invention, is shown by a passage in Bos-wells Life of Johnson. In the diary of his Welshtour, Aug. 3, 17*74, when at Holywell, Johnson says: Ata copper work, which receives its pigs of copper, I think,from Warrington, we saw a plate of copper put hot be-tween steel rollers, and spread thin: I know not wheth-er the upper roller was set to a certain distance, as I sup-pose, or acted only by its weight. At an iron work,I saw round bars formed by a notched hammer andanvil. The puddle-bars are taken when cold to the shears(see Punching and Shearing Machinery), cut and piledinto a second bloom, or pile, as it is then called, thesize of which depends upon the size of the iron desired to be made, and upon its intended use,reheated in a reverberatory furnace, and rolled in the finishing-rolls to the required shape. Some-times this piling, reheating, and rerolling is done several times, in order to increase the densityand strength of the iron, and more thoroughly free it from cinder, for. special uses. Heating Furnaces.—Furnaces for heating the pile or other mass ofiron vary somewhat in size and shape, according to the size and shapeof the iron to be heated. In general, they are somewhat similar to thecommon form of puddling furnace, the puddling basin being replaced byan inclined bottom, made of sand thoroughly compacted. A commonform of heating furnace is shown in longitudinal section in Fig. 2463,and Fig. 2464 shows a vertical section of the same through one of theworking-doors. It will be seen that the bottom slopes in both direc-tions toward the flue; this is to allow the cinder formed by a slight oxi-dation of the iron which takes place during heating to run to a hole inthe bottom of the flue provided for its exit.
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Keywords: ., bookauthorbenjaminpark18491922, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880
