. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Respiration and Metabolism 217 A number of accessory respiratory adaptations are found, particularly among fish, to increase the efficiency or to supplement the action of gills. Many of these adaptations permit air breathing, allowing some obviously aquatic teleosts to become temporary land dwellers. Thus the branchial chamber may become adapted as a gas storage chamber to aerate the gills, as in the "jumping Hsh" Periophthalmus.'-'^'^'^' â¢"" By increasing surface area and vascularization th
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Respiration and Metabolism 217 A number of accessory respiratory adaptations are found, particularly among fish, to increase the efficiency or to supplement the action of gills. Many of these adaptations permit air breathing, allowing some obviously aquatic teleosts to become temporary land dwellers. Thus the branchial chamber may become adapted as a gas storage chamber to aerate the gills, as in the "jumping Hsh" Periophthalmus.'-'^'^'^' â¢"" By increasing surface area and vascularization the branchial chamber may provide for some gas exchange itself, as in the electric eel, Electrophorns.*^^ Well developed branchial diverticula, facilitating gas exchange, have been described for many air-breathing fish, as Anahas, Clarias, and Periopthalmns^'^- -^^ (Fig. 39). These accessory respiratory structures not only subserve aquatic gills but may become essential in providing adequate oxygen, as in Anahas, which will drown if it is denied access to atmospheric air. Buccal-phai:yngeal respiratory exchange among vertebrates is not limited to fish; a considerable body of evidence points toward its occurrence in anu- rans,"^*"'-' turtles,'-â ^' -''â ^ and lizards.'°^ Gill respiration in a sense represents a stage of cutaneous breathing in which. Fig. 39. Branchial diverticula in the air-breathing teleost, Clarias lazera, subserving the gills in aerial respiration. From ;^ appendages have become specialized for gas exchangeâstructures which in- crease the area and efficiency for gas transport across the respiratory surfaces. They show considerable modification with changes in the oxygen environment and frequently function in combination with other respiratory structures in the exchange of vital gases. Being external structures without strong means of support, they are most commonly adapted to the water environment. Lungs. These are most simply def
Size: 2151px × 1162px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookpublisher, booksubjectphysiologycomparative
