A history of the fishes of the British Islands . shes of this family bearmuch reseinblance to the Lake or River Breams; but theydiffer in the form and dimensions of the mystache, andespecially in the saw-like keel of the belly. Inwardly alsothe characteristic pharyngeal bones in the family of CyprinidcBare lost; and the Chij)eid(B for the most part are without any,or they are so faintly marked as scarcely to be discerned. Theremarkable shape of the air-bladder is also exchanged for along and narrow tube, both ends of which are drawn out intoa thread, the hindmost of which in the Herring extend
A history of the fishes of the British Islands . shes of this family bearmuch reseinblance to the Lake or River Breams; but theydiffer in the form and dimensions of the mystache, andespecially in the saw-like keel of the belly. Inwardly alsothe characteristic pharyngeal bones in the family of CyprinidcBare lost; and the Chij)eid(B for the most part are without any,or they are so faintly marked as scarcely to be discerned. Theremarkable shape of the air-bladder is also exchanged for along and narrow tube, both ends of which are drawn out intoa thread, the hindmost of which in the Herring extends tothe vent. Of all fishes they have the most slender andnumerous bones; so that along the lower part of the bodythe ribs reach to the forked scales, by the aid of which themuscles of the sides become more firmly sustained; and thereis also a double row of hair-like bones between these ribs andthe upright processes of the vertebra^ by the help of whichthe actions of the muscles of the back are rendered moreenergetic. They are abdominal - o 70 CLUPEA. CuviER assigns to a separate genus the species of this family whichhave the maxillary bones or mystache arched above, and capable ofbeing divided lengthwise into separate pieces, and by the aid ofwhich the gape can bo considerably modified. From the kindredgenus Alosa it is distinguished by the absence of a decided cleft infront of the upper jaw, which is caused by a separation of theintermaxillary bones. Prom the genus Encrasicholus it is separatedby the projecting snout and long cleft of the mouth of the latter. PILCHARD. Harengits minor, she Pilcltardus, Willotjghby; p. 223, pi. P. pikhardus, Cuviee. Donovan ; jjl. 69. Fleming; Br. Animals, p. 182. * Jenyns; Manual, p. 436. ? Yaerell; Br. Fishes, vol. ii, p. 169. Tuhtons Linnteus. The Swedish naturalist coufoimded. this fishwith the Sprat. The Pilchard is one of the commonest fishes in the Avestcrndistricts of England and the south of Irehand, and, as regardsn
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