. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 430 RUSSIA IN EUROPE. from the Sivach or the Saa of Azov. In 1860 this channel was only 450 feet wide, although Strabo speaks of a broad passage, so that the formation must have been modified since his time. The Strait of Yeni-Kaleh, connecting the Sea of Azov with the Euxine, has a mean depth of only 14 feet, and as the water deepens rapidly on the south side, it may be regarded as a sort of bar at the mouth of the Don. The bed of the Euxine sinks very uniformly as far as the Fig. OF Gemchesk. trough, 1,020 fathoms deep. Scale 1 : 250
. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 430 RUSSIA IN EUROPE. from the Sivach or the Saa of Azov. In 1860 this channel was only 450 feet wide, although Strabo speaks of a broad passage, so that the formation must have been modified since his time. The Strait of Yeni-Kaleh, connecting the Sea of Azov with the Euxine, has a mean depth of only 14 feet, and as the water deepens rapidly on the south side, it may be regarded as a sort of bar at the mouth of the Don. The bed of the Euxine sinks very uniformly as far as the Fig. OF Gemchesk. trough, 1,020 fathoms deep. Scale 1 : 250,000. , . -, ,. t . which was discovered between Ivertch and Sukhum-Kaleh during the explorations preparatory to the laying of the submarine cable to the Caucasus. The current from the Sea of Azov is soon lost in the general movement which sets regularly along the shores of the Black Sea. West of the Strait of Yeni-Kaleh and of the Crimea this current is increased by the contributions of the Dnieper, Bug, Dniester, and Danube, and again reduced by the stream escaping through the Bosphorus, beyond which it continues to follow the Anatolian seaboard, and so on round the Caucasian shores to the Strait of Yeni-Kaleh, thus completing the entire circuit of the Euxine. It varies in rapidity from 3,000 to 9,000 feet per hour, increasing or diminishing according to the direction of the winds. A comparison of the faunas of the Caspian and Euxine proves very conclusively that at some __^_____ .5 :.iiic_. remote epoch these two seas were joined together. It is probable that they became severed long after the formation of the strait which now connects the Black Sea with the Mediterranean, and through which the fish of the latter found their way to the shores of Southern Russia. At the present time the species of fish found in the open Euxine belong almost without excep- tion to Mediterranean types, whilst those in the less saline water near the mouths of the Danube and of other large rivers
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectgeography, bookyear1883
