. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 538 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE the San Jose scale, however, and fur- nishes a fairly sure basis for identifica- tion in the orchard. The condition of the scales can readily be ascertained by scraping them from a branch; if they are dead, the scales will rub off like a dry, gray scurf; if they are alive, the crushed bodies will produce
. The encyclopedia of practical horticulture; a reference system of commercial horticulture, covering the practical and scientific phases of horticulture, with special reference to fruits and vegetables;. Gardening; Fruit-culture; Vegetable gardening. 538 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL HORTICULTURE the San Jose scale, however, and fur- nishes a fairly sure basis for identifica- tion in the orchard. The condition of the scales can readily be ascertained by scraping them from a branch; if they are dead, the scales will rub off like a dry, gray scurf; if they are alive, the crushed bodies will produce a yellow oil-like fluid which gives the bark a greasy appearance. Wherever a scale has settled there will be a small round spot with a white speck in the middle; the spot is formed by the body of the scale while the white speck is where the long thread-like piercing apparatus, or tongue, was inserted in the bark. Often- times the scales will completely cover portions of limbs and overlap on each other so that they form a crust. "When so badly infested, young scales will crawl under old dead scales and settle. We have found as many as four young scales fastened side by side under one old scale. Fruit infested with the scale becomes pitted and gnarled, as the growth is checked at the point where the scales have their beaks inserted. "For the benefit of fruit inspectors in particular, it should be noted that reddish discolorations upon yellow fruit are not always caused by San Jose scale. Upon yellow apples and particularly upon peaches very similar spots are produced by attacks of certain minute fungi. Hence, such spots should not in themselves be taken as proof of infestation by the scale. This can be determined definitely only by a careful examination and the actual de- tection of the scale. The presence of such blotches may well arouse suspicion of the presence of San Jose scale and should challenge a careful examination alike by growers, buyers and inspector; so, a
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