. Railway age . Fig. 29—Wedge Fast-ening, and Wear ofTie; Hagen-HaspeLine, Fig. 30—Clips Recessed in Tie;Gotthard Railroad, 1896. last few years, clip fastenings have also been employed, thelalla resting directly on the ties (IMg. 31). Hut the dips arenot utilized to relieve the side ijressuie on the bolts by droppinsthem Into slots (Fig. 32). As the American rails are not inclineil,but are placed vertically, bending the ties was not necessary. I haveexamined several stretches of tracli equipped with Carnegie ties, andam confirmed In my opinion, expressed in the Itailroad Oazette*

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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, bookidrailwayage44, bookyear1870