. A short history of England and the British Empire. difficult. While Edward was still a prince, he was made earl of Chester,a county that lies on the border of North Wales. Llewellyn,the last Welsh prince of that name, ruled the prin- at the time. Though a vassal of HenryIII it was his policy to oppose his overlord at every the Barons War of 1265, he sided with Simon de purpose was to extend his sway over all the terri-tories of Wales, the March as well as the Snowdon and the Welsh prince regarded each other with deepdistrus
. A short history of England and the British Empire. difficult. While Edward was still a prince, he was made earl of Chester,a county that lies on the border of North Wales. Llewellyn,the last Welsh prince of that name, ruled the prin- at the time. Though a vassal of HenryIII it was his policy to oppose his overlord at every the Barons War of 1265, he sided with Simon de purpose was to extend his sway over all the terri-tories of Wales, the March as well as the Snowdon and the Welsh prince regarded each other with deepdistrust; and when Edward became king Llewellyn showed nodesire to appear at court and do homage. Five years after hisaccession (1277), the king invaded Llewellyns territory and 1 Gardiner, 210. 2 *eview sec- & 134 THE WAR WITH FRANCE with the help of the lords of the March succeeded in defeatingthe prince, whose realm was now definitely limited to the north-west part of Wales. The March-lands were formally separatedfrom Wales and annexed to The Welshmen of the March soon found rule by Englishofficials unbearable, and after five years of uncertain peace,war once more broke out between Edward I and his vassalLlewellyn. The English forces set out to conquer the prin-cipality, but found the task beset with great difficulties. AcrossConquest of the northwest part of Wales lies the mount ofNorth Wales. Snowdon like a massive wall with gentle slopestoward the Irish Sea and steep declivities toward position seemed impregnable; but atthe critical moment the prince fell in a skirmishand resistance melted away. The conquered principality was 1283. THE SCOTCH SUCCESSION 135 cut up into shires after the English plan and governed by royalofficials after English methods. The shire system, however,was not extended to the March, where the lords for some timeyet were allowed to continue in control. With Welshthe death of Llewellyn the old Welsh principality nationalism,per
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