. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 268 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL August in nature is determined largely by the disposition made of the fragments re- moved. The germ that causes European foulbrood lives longer than either the one that causes Nosema-disease or the virus that causes sacbrood, but not nearly so long, as the one that causes American foulbrood. The disease may be present in a number of colonies of the apiary and not be transmitted to the others. Hives which have housed European foulbrood colonies are not a fruitful source for the spread of the disease. Flaming them, while probabl
. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 268 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL August in nature is determined largely by the disposition made of the fragments re- moved. The germ that causes European foulbrood lives longer than either the one that causes Nosema-disease or the virus that causes sacbrood, but not nearly so long, as the one that causes American foulbrood. The disease may be present in a number of colonies of the apiary and not be transmitted to the others. Hives which have housed European foulbrood colonies are not a fruitful source for the spread of the disease. Flaming them, while probably often unnecessary, will surely remove all possible danger. The hands and clothing of the beekeeper and the smoker and other tools used about the apiary are not likely means for the spread of the disease. The transmission of the disease by way of flowers is not to be feared. Experimental evidence indicates that if European foulbrood is ever spread through the medium of queens, drones or drifting bees the method is not the usual one. Theoretically, the water supply of the bees, if it is near an apiary con- taining one or inore diseased colonies and is a slowly changing one, might possibly become at times a source of infection to other colonies of the apiary, but whether the disease is ever spread in this way has not yet been determined. Theoretically, also, under favorable conditions, robbing from bee equip- ment used about an infected apiary might spread the disease. The spread of the disease in nature, it would seem, takes place chiefly as the result of robbing from diseased colonies. The placing of brood-combs from diseased colonies into healthy ones will spread the disease. Anyone, after having had a little experience with European foulbrood, can diagnose most cases of the dis- ease very readily at the apiary. In the laboratory all cases can be diag- nosed from suitable samples by bac- teriological methods. The tendency for the colony to re- cover from the disease is greate
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbees, bookyear1861
