. The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology. of their duties. The community, itis important to note, is a persistent or continuous workers do not live long, the spring broods usuallynot over two or three months, and the fall broods not morethan six or eight months; but new bees are hatching whilethe old ones are dying, and the community as a whole alwayspersists. The queen may live several years, perhaps asmany as five. She lays about one million eggs a year. The honeybees offer a splendid example of mutual aid MUTUAL AID AND COMMUNAL LIFE 437 instead
. The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology. of their duties. The community, itis important to note, is a persistent or continuous workers do not live long, the spring broods usuallynot over two or three months, and the fall broods not morethan six or eight months; but new bees are hatching whilethe old ones are dying, and the community as a whole alwayspersists. The queen may live several years, perhaps asmany as five. She lays about one million eggs a year. The honeybees offer a splendid example of mutual aid MUTUAL AID AND COMMUNAL LIFE 437 instead of bitter war among individuals of a species. Tobe sure there is competition among different honeybeecommunities for food, but among the thousands of indi-viduals composing a single colony every one works for thebenefit of the whole great family; the workers devote theirwhole life unceasingly for others. CHAPTER XXXIII COLORS AND MARKINGS OF ANIMALS, AND THEIR USES The colors and markings of animals are among the mostconspicuous of their external characters, and constantly. FIG. 224. Owl butterfly, Caligo, under side. (Two thirds natural size.) incite us to ask how they are produced and why they areof such great variety. As no more familiar or interestingexamples of color patterns can be found than those on the 438 COLORS AND MARKINGS OF ANIMALS 439 wings of butterflies and moths, we can very advantageouslyuse these beautiful insects in beginning the study of animalcolors. The scales and colors of butterflies wings.—Catch afew butterflies of different kinds and kill in the the finger rub lightly one of the wings and note that afine dust-like substance comes off on the finger-tip, andthat at the same time the pattern and color disappear. Bygentle steady rubbing with thumb and finger just oppositeeach other on the upper and lower sides of the wings, aclear, transparent spot may be made. It is evident thatthe color and pattern of the wing depends upon its cov
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