. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. Bishop of Vercelli, was the first Western prelate whoassociated monastic and clerical life. His clergy passed their existence infasting, praying, reading, and labour. St. Ambrosius says, These clergyonly changed their condition for a bishopric or martyrdom. At about the 302 THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS. same period (352-—360) St. Martin founded, in the neighbourhood ofPoitiers, the most ancient of the monasteries in Gaul (MonasteriumLocociagense), and twelve years afterwards, the famous Abbey of Marmou-tiers, which
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. Bishop of Vercelli, was the first Western prelate whoassociated monastic and clerical life. His clergy passed their existence infasting, praying, reading, and labour. St. Ambrosius says, These clergyonly changed their condition for a bishopric or martyrdom. At about the 302 THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS. same period (352-—360) St. Martin founded, in the neighbourhood ofPoitiers, the most ancient of the monasteries in Gaul (MonasteriumLocociagense), and twelve years afterwards, the famous Abbey of Marmou-tiers, which was so rich a nursery of holy prelates and learned sermons of St. Basilius, in the kingdom of Pontus, his numerousmonastic foundations, the rules which he laid down, and which were forth-with adopted by all the Eastern monks, bear witness to the strength of theChristian movement in Asia towards the close of the fourth century. The great monastery of Tabennae, which at that time served as the typefor all conventual foundations, comprised a vast network of small houses,. Fig. 237.—St. Jerome in the desert: the saint is holding in his hand a stone with which he isabout to beat his beast.—From a picture of the School of Andrea del Sarto (SixteenthCentury), in the Louvre. built one after the other, and united under the supreme control of one religious administration of the monastery was, moreover, entrusted to aprior or abbot, who was assisted by a deputy, while the steward who wasentrusted with the secular duties—the daily expenditure, and the incidentsconnected with material life—also had an assistant, who took his place whenhe was absent. The monastery was thus divided into houses, each managedby a prior; each house contained a certain number of chambers, or cells, andeach cell was always shared by three monks. It required three or fourhouses to constitute the tribe, or monastery. The great monasteries had from thirty to forty houses, with about for
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Keywords: ., booksubjectcostume, booksubjectmiddleages, booksubjectmilitaryar
