. The winter bird-life of Minnesota; being an annotated list of birds that have been found within the state of Minnesota during the winter months . as the name implies, only three toes, while allof our other woodpeckers have four—two infront and two behind. The male of these twospecies has a square yellow patch on the top ofthe head. The back in the present bird is clearblack, while in the next it is barred with blackand white, from which it is sometimes called theLadder-back. Where common they are veryvaluable aids in protecting timber against theravages of the borers. 21. AMERICAN THREE-TOED


. The winter bird-life of Minnesota; being an annotated list of birds that have been found within the state of Minnesota during the winter months . as the name implies, only three toes, while allof our other woodpeckers have four—two infront and two behind. The male of these twospecies has a square yellow patch on the top ofthe head. The back in the present bird is clearblack, while in the next it is barred with blackand white, from which it is sometimes called theLadder-back. Where common they are veryvaluable aids in protecting timber against theravages of the borers. 21. AMERICAN THREE-TOED WOOD-PECKER (Picoides americanus americanus).Found chiefly in the northern part of the stateand there by no means commonlj. It has beenseen once—Nov. 26, 1915—at Cambridge. Isanticounty, by Lawrence Lofstrom. The writer dis-covered a nest containing young at Lake Itascain June, 1901. The Survey has but little informa-tion in regard to this species in EL.\CKi;.\LKED THREE-TOKD WOODPECKERItasca Park Photograph from life. Roberts *22. PILEATED WOODPECKER: LOGCOCK (Phloeotomus pileatus pileatus). This,the largest of our Woodpeckers, still occurs spar-ingly in the heavilj-timbered areas of the was formerly common, but its numbers havebeen greatly reduced, partly through the clearingaway of the big timber, but chiefly through thepropensity of the average man with a gun to killevery large and curious bird that he disappearance is to be deplored, for it is amost valuable agent in the preservation of largetimber. *23. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER (Cen-turus carolinus). A southern species that oc-curs in small numbers in southeastern Minne-sota, where it is a permanent resident. Individ-uals occasionally wander as far north as Meekercounty (H. J. Jager^ and it has several times been seen in the vicinity of Minneapolis, but ischiefly confined to an area marked by Rochesteron the west (Mrs. W. C. MacCarty) and RedWing on the


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidwinterbirdli, bookyear1916